基于数值模拟的海上平台阴极保护系统的技术研究

目的确认海上平台外加电流阴极保护系统维修方案的可行性。方法开展两种工况下外加电流阴极保护作用效果的数值模拟计算,对比分析两种工况下外加电流阴极保护系统对平台结构腐蚀防护的有效性。结果得到两种工况下阴极保护系统处于最佳保护状态时平台结构的保护电位分布云图。结论当远地式外加电流阴极保护系统失效时,通过新增两套拉伸式外加电流阴极保护系统可以实现优良的阴极保护效果。     

德国环境损害赔偿法律制度研究及对中国立法的启示

环境损害赔偿法律制度包括私法责任和公法义务.德国立法上私法层面要以《环境责任法》为中心,以私权益的救济为首要价值取向,以第三方的实际人身和财产损失为主要赔偿范畴;公法层面以《环境损害和预防法》为核心,强调企业和个人经营者的预防义务,注重环境修复和风险预防,赔偿范围主要包括预防措施费用和环境的恢复费用.德国的环境损害赔偿制度并不强调对污染企业的苛责,旨在通过合理的赔偿金额设置,让企业能够改善生产模式,保证私权益得到及时救济.     

地理信息系统在地下水防控区划中的应用研究

文章应用GIS软件及DRASTIC模型,选取黑龙江省某地级市进行了地下水污染现状评估、地下水污染荷载评估、地下水脆弱性评估、地下水功能价值评估及地下水污染风险防控分区.结果得出,地下水污染风险最高处位于研究区污染荷载较高的西北和西南部;中部和北部、南部的部分区域为中风险区域;其它为一般风险控制区域.研究成果为当地政府提出地下水污染防治对策和措施提供了理论依据.     

工业大气污染防控研究

目前大气污染主要呈现为城市总悬浮颗粒物浓度普遍超标、二氧化硫污染保持在较高水平、机动车尾气污染物排放总量迅速增加、氮氧化物污染呈加重趋势,这些污染物的产生相辅相成,其主要来源首当其冲是工业生产,其次是居民生活及交通运输.国务院于2013年印发了《大气污染防治行动计划》(国发〔2013〕37号),计划目标:到2017年全国地级及以上城市可吸入颗粒物浓度比2012年下降10%以上.主要针对工业生产对大气污染的危害、中国大气污染现状及污染源进行解析,对工业大气污染防控措施提出合理化建议.     

Implementing the evidence for preventing falls among community-dwelling older people: a systematic review

Problem and objective

The translation of the evidence-base for preventing falls among community-dwelling older people into practice has been limited. This study systematically reviewed and synthesised the effectiveness of methods to implement falls prevention programmes with this population.

Methods

Articles published between 1980 and May 2010 that evaluated the effects of an implementation strategy. No design restrictions were imposed. A narrative synthesis was undertaken.

Results

15 studies were identified. Interventions that involved the active training of healthcare professionals improved implementation. The evidence around changing the way people who fall are managed within primary care practices, and, layperson, peer or community delivered models was mixed.

Impact on industry

Translating the evidence-base into practice involves changing the attitudes and behaviours of older people, healthcare professionals and organisations. However, there is a need for further evaluation on how this can be best achieved.     

硫酸盐还原菌在油田中的防治方法及研究进展

文章介绍了近年来在油田中防治SRB的各种技术,列举各种技术的最新应用,并对各种技术的原理、特点以及研究进展等方面进行分析与探讨。     

新疆化学品环境风险防控特征及对策措施分析

通过对新疆化学品行业的风险管理及防控现状调查,分析了新疆的化工企业的分布、结构和化学品环境风险特征及环境风险未来趋势,针对新疆化学品环境风险管理存在的主要问题,提出了防控对策措施,旨在为新疆化学品环境风险防控工作提供参考依据。     

掘进面“三压带”分段注水机理及应用研究

针对高瓦斯、大风量及突出掘进面的治尘难题,提出掘进面"三压带"分段注水新方法,采用理论分析法对"三压带"分段注水机理进行研究;根据钻煤屑全水分分析法、滤膜测尘法及钻屑量称重法,分别对"三压带"采用分段注水前后煤体湿润半径、降尘效率及应力分布规律进行测试。结果表明,掘进面"三压带"采用分段注水后,煤层湿润半径达2 m左右;司机处及其后10 m处降尘效率分别达到66.5%、67.6%;卸压带被延伸到9 m左右,9～12 m范围内的集中应力带峰值相比注水前明显降低,能取得较好的防尘及防突效果。     

煤矿事故隐患防控技术研究

从安全管理的理论和实践出发,在对事故隐患进行分析的基础上进行了事故隐患防控技术研究并建立了煤矿事故“五环六步”隐患防控模型。从隐患的识别、评价以及控制等方面入手,建立了基于“五环六步”防控模型的煤矿事故隐患防控技术体系,该体系中的识别子系统、评价子系统以及控制子系统分别对应“六步”中的排查、记录、汇报、整改、验收、考核等相应步骤,并制定了完备的实施步骤和管理方法。该体系在煤矿的应用表明,它不仅可明显改善煤矿的安全管理水平和提高煤矿工人的安全意识,对于更及时地发现事故隐患,更彻底地整改事故隐患有极大的促进作用。     

Assessment of a model of pollution disaster in near-shore coastal waters based on catastrophe theory

In this study, a model for assessing of environmental disasters in near-shore areas was developed using a multi-criteria evaluation method of catastrophe theory. The assessment model involved scenarios of eutrophication, pollution with heavy metals and organic compounds. An evaluation system of the model was composed of seven mesosphere indicators and twenty underlying indicators including water chemistry, water physics, water biology, heavy metals and organic pollutants in water and surface sediments. The model was applied to possibility assessment of environmental disasters in different functional regions of the Dalian Bay in 2001 and 2006. Results showed that the environmental disaster indicators in 2001 were equivalent to the Level 4 standard values of marine functional areas, but the eutrophication disaster indicators were lower than the Level 4 standard values. It is consistent with the occurrence of a large-scale red tide in Dalian Bay in 2001. In 2006, eutrophication remained the dominant problem of the region but organic pollutants, such as oil, were reduced remarkably. This coincided with ongoing local environmental-friendly practices for industries.