灾害系统分类初探

本文在分析目前灾害分类中存在问题的基础上,以系统方法为指导,从地球表层系统出发,论述了灾害分类应考虑的五条原则,提出了一个采用同一、多级分类标志的新的灾害的系统分类,把各种灾害类型予以按某种标志划分明确的种类,使之能适应当前和一段时期灾害类型发展的需要,希望初步解决以往灾害分类中的不足之处。     

寒冷地区城市季节性污染的防治对策

以黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市为例 ,通过对不同季节气候因素对环境的影响和污染源状况及企业生产排污特点的分析 ,提出了防治寒冷地区城市不同季节污染 ,特别是冬季污染的基本对策。旨在突出重点污染季节、重点污染源、重点污染物的防治 ,有效地提高环境质量。     

长江三角洲城市建设发展与城市水害

本世纪８０年代以来，长江三角洲城市水文发生了变化，雨后涨水快、退水慢、水位持高不下为其主要特征，从而加重了防洪压力。本文就这一变化与三角洲地区城市建设发展的关系作探讨，提出防治对策。     

辽宁省的岩溶塌陷灾害及其预测

本文在分析辽宁省已有的岩溶塌陷灾害资料的基础上，对其形成条件进行了讨论，认为可溶性岩石，复杂的断裂构造，一定厚度的覆盖层是产生岩溶塌陷的必备条件，过量抽取地下水，降雨和地震是诱发因素，文章最后对可能发生这类灾害的危险区作了预测。     

The Scientific Basis of Marine Pollution Prevention Strategies

Prevention of marine pollution, particularly in semi-enclosed seas, embayments and areas with limited exchange of water, requires a well conceived and harmonized legal system, specified standards, a monitoring programme, and effective control and enforcement capabilities. This comprehensive approach is often called a strategy. Three generations of strategies have been devised and applied historically in Europe and North America, each a step further in integrating environmental protection, technical advancement and economic capabilities. the overpowering socio-economic problems of transition from a centrally planned to a market economy, a task facing a dozen central and eastern European coastal states, compound the problem of application of an integrated approach.

No management strategy can achieve its set goals unless based on scientific evidence. the data base has to offer information on two basic questions, one specific and one of a general nature.

The specific question is: Has the area under consideration some features, an activity, or one or more living species, which must be protected at any cost? the answer to this question will invoke the precautionary principle into strategic considerations, and leads to the general question: What is the carrying (= assimilative or environmental) capacity for each activity and for the discharge of each contaminant into the impacted area? Answers to these questions lead to the choice of the strategy for environmental management.     

社会需要的两极保障与社会的稳定发展——关于灾害的若干社会学思考

本文从社会需要的两极保障是社会稳定与发展的前提出发,论述了社会需要、自然环境与灾害的关系;并从发展生产与引导人的需要两方面阐述了维护生态平衡是减灾工作的重点途径之一。     

关中地区滑坡 泥石流灾害遥感调查研究及其方法探讨

本文通过利用综合遥感技术对陕西省关中地区滑坡、泥石流灾害的重点研究,总结了该地区滑坡、泥石流灾害的分布特征与发生规律,并分析其主要诱发因素,建立滑坡、泥石流的航、卫片影像特征和解译标志。在此基础上,我们将以关中地区为例,介绍利用综合遥感技术调查滑坡、泥石流灾害的工作方法和成果。     

闭式循环冲渣水结垢分析及运行管理

介绍了小龙潭电厂冲渣水闭式循环系统，分析了渣水水质及结垢原理，阐述了防垢处理的主要方法及运行管理。     

Disasters and disabled persons: An examination of the safety needs of a neglected minority

Disasters do not affect everyone in the same way. Safety needs of the ten per cnet of the population who are disabled prior to disaster must be ascertained; contingency plans and preparations should be made to ensure that disabled persons. Consideration of the safety needs of disabled persons in disasters seems to have beenlargely neglected by emergency services and those voluntary and statutory organizations directly concerned with disablement.     

大气污染暴露与育龄妇女月经周期长度的关联

招募343名山西常住的育龄妇女,开展大气污染暴露与育龄妇女月经周期长度的横断面研究.基于妇女月经周期生理特点,设置大气污染暴露的时间窗口期.采集妇女所在城市的空气质量监测点大气SO₂、NO₂、PM_2.5和O₃的日报浓度,分别计算不同暴露时间的大气污染物浓度水平.采用广义线性模型,分析大气污染暴露与育龄妇女月经周期长度的关联效应,阐明大气污染暴露对妇女生育力的潜在健康风险.结果表明,当控制混杂因素后,妇女在SO₂暴露窗第1期(0.053,95%CI:0.022,0.083)、第2期(0.049,95%CI:0.02,0.078)和第3期(0.045;95%CI:0.017、0.073),Q4组SO₂的暴露水平与月经周期总长度呈显著的正相关;而且,SO₂与月经周期总长度的正相关主要表现在卵泡期长度的延长上.在NO₂暴露窗第1期(0.060,95CI:0.035,0.085)、第2期(0.056,95CI:0.030,...