实用作业场所危险性评价方法

探讨一种操作简便、实用性强,既可定量评价又可在评价过程中得出定性评价结果的全新的安全评价方法,并阐述了其理论依据.     

Sensitivity of stand dynamics to grazing in mixed Pinus sylvestris and Quercus pubescens forests: A modelling study

Only recently, studies of forest succession have started to include the effects of browsing by wild or domestic ungulates. We aim to contribute to this topic by analysing the influence of goat grazing on the long-term coexistence of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) in the low-elevation forests of an inner-Alpine dry valley. The forest gap model ForClim was first adapted to these site conditions by examining the site-dependent sensitivity of the model with regard to the species-specific parameterisation of the drought tolerance as well as the light demand of establishing and adult trees. In a second step, the behaviour of the model was investigated with respect to different grazing intensities and species-specific browsing susceptibilities. The last step was the application of a grazing scenario based on forest history, with 150 years of heavy browsing (by goats) at the beginning of the simulated forest succession, followed by less intensive grazing pressure.     

长江产业带投资条件比较与综合分等评价

将长江干流沿江地区建设成具有强大经济实力的国家级产业密集带是９０年代国家调整宏观经济发展布局的重大战略举措。在大规模投资开发过程中如何按照各地投资环境特点，选择最佳的投资区位和适宜的投资方向是十分重要的。本文选取了能基本反映研究地区投资环境状况的基础设施条件，经济发展水平，科教发达程度，主要资源赋存和区域环境质量５类因素共１４项指标，以产业带范围内的４０个地市为地域单元，对产业带内部的投资环境条件     

一种新的时间序列预报方法及其应用

本文叙述了作者提出的时间序列预报方法的基本原理,介绍了这一方法在应用过程中的发展及在实际部门应用的情况,其中包括异常旱涝灾害预报及方法的改进等最新成果。     

新疆沙尔布尔-萨吾尔山地区区域化探岩屑地球化学异常Ⅲ级检查的试验研究

本文介绍了区域岩屑地球化学异常Ⅲ级检查方法，并从单元素异常、多元素组合异常、岩层元素丰度及背景分布理论、元素点异常概率、特殊样品的地球化学特征等方面对区域化探异常进行综合解释评价，取得了较好效果。     

Eight years of annual no-till cropping in Washington's winter wheat-summer fallow region

The tillage-based winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-summer fallow (WW-SF) cropping system has dominated dryland farming in the Pacific Northwest USA for 125 years. We conducted a large-scale multidisciplinary 8-year study of annual (i.e., no summer fallow) no-till cropping systems as an alternative to WW-SF. Soft white and hard white classes of winter and spring wheat, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), yellow mustard (Brassica hirta Moench), and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were grown in various rotation combinations. Annual precipitation was less than the long-term average of 301 mm in 7 out of 8 years. Rhizoctonia bare patch disease caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 appeared in year 3 and continued through year 8 in all no-till plots. All crops were susceptible to rhizoctonia, but bare patch area in wheat was reduced, and grain yield increased, when wheat was grown in rotation with barley every other year. Remnant downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) weed seeds remained dormant for 6 years and longer to heavily infest recrop winter wheat. There were few quantifiable changes in soil quality due to crop rotation, but soil organic carbon (SOC) increased in the surface 0–5 cm depth with no-till during the 8 years to approach that found in undisturbed native soil. Annual no-till crop rotations experienced lower average profitability and greater income variability compared to WW-SF. Yellow mustard and safflower were not economically viable. Continuous annual cropping using no-till provides excellent protection against wind erosion and shows potential to increase soil quality, but the practice involves high economic risk compared to WW-SF. This paper provides the first comprehensive multidisciplinary report of long-term alternative annual no-till cropping systems research in the low-precipitation region of the Pacific Northwest.     

振动压路机地面振动对环境的影响

依据振动压路机施工中产生的地面振动实验数据，统计得出了一种常用型号振动压路机的地面振动加速度衰减关系；据此计算出了该型号振动压路机施工中产生的不同距离处的地面振动垂直向加速度和铅垂向Z振级。分析了振动压路机振动衰减的决定因素；评价了振动压路机施工振动对人类居住生活环境的影响范围和影响程度，提出了避免或减轻振动压路机造成的环境振动污染的措施。     

川中半自然型防护林演替过程中的物种多样性

四川中部绵阳官司河流域的半自然型林是长江中上游地区防护林的一个较典型类型。本文以它为研究对象，对群落的物种多样性及其在次生演替过程中的动态变化趋势进行了初步研究，并结合影响多样性的几个主要环境因子进行了相关性分析。结果表明：（1）现阶段该防护林的植物种类组成和群落结构均较简单，松、柏、栎混交的针阔叶林占绝对优势，其物种多样性较小，但随着群落次生演替的进展，各层次的多样性趋于增加；（2）用灰色系统理论的关联度分析方法研究群落的物种多样性与主要环境因子的相关性是可行的。经测定，研究区的土壤pH值，外界干扰度和土壤含水量等指标对防护林的物种多样性有显著的影响。图2表3参16     

天津市环境空气SO2污染现状及分析

天津环境空气SO2的年均浓度始终超过国家二级标准.年均浓度超标主要因为采暖期SO2浓度过高所至,采暖期SO2平均浓度是非采暖期浓度的3倍左右;在2002-2005年的三个采暖期里,SO2污染逐年加重,导致了年均SO2浓度的逐年升高.天津SO2污染与采暖期增多的低烟囱排放、不利的气象条件有关,也与流动源的隐性排放、能源利用效率低下有关.结合天津经济发展速度、每年煤耗增量、现有环境治理手段来做预测,空气SO2浓度要在未来几年内达到国家二级标准仍是不可能的.     

变电站大气环境腐蚀参数自动检测仪研制及应用

目的通过自主研发的大气环境腐蚀参数自动检测仪,监测并积累变电站大气腐蚀数据,判断大气腐蚀性,为变电站选择腐蚀与防护手段,提供数据支持和依据。方法依据变电站大气腐蚀研究的最新理论成果,参考最新国家标准,将影响变电站腐蚀因素的各参数整合,选择国内外最先进的传感器,根据实际工况要求,研制了一台基于变电站环境的大气腐蚀参数检测仪。结果仪器的各项技术指标均达到设计要求,能够满足现场要求,可以根据变电站设备材质要求,定制腐蚀传感器。结论通过在国家大气腐蚀网站(沈阳站)、浙江电力公司所属变电站的测试,研制的大气环境腐蚀参数自动检测仪能够实时采集影响腐蚀的各影响因子的参数值,满足未来腐蚀监测仪器、装备多参数、智能化的要求。