稀土尾矿库周边湿地土壤养分的垂直分布特征

以稀土尾矿库周边湿地土壤作为研究对象,无污染的黄河湿地作为对照样地,在不同深度上研究了总磷、水解氮、速效钾和有机质等土壤养分含量的垂直分布特征。结果显示:整体上0~20 cm土层土壤养分含量高于底层,水解氮随着土壤深度的增加显著降低(P全磷>水解氮>速效钾。整个研究区域的土壤肥力普遍较低,土壤养分表现为有机质最优,全磷和水解氮次之,速效钾最差,耕作层土壤养分高于底层。研究明确了稀土尾矿库周边湿地土壤的垂直分布状况,对当地土壤生态环境保护提供参考。     

Syntrophic co-culture of Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumonia for degradation of kraft lignin discharged from rayon grade pulp industry

In order to search the degradability of kraft lignin, the potential bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis (GU193980) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (GU193981) were isolated, screened and applied in axenic and co-culture conditions. Results revealed that mixed culture showed better decolorization efficiency (80%) and reduction of pollution parameters (COD 73% and BOD 62%) than axenic culture. This indicated syntrophic growth of these two bacteria rather than any antagonistic effect. The HPLC analysis of degraded samples of kraft lignin has shown the reduction in peak area compared to control, suggesting that decrease in color intensity might be largely attributed to the degradation of lignin by isolated bacteria. Further, the GC–MS analysis showed that most of the compounds detected in control were diminished after bacterial treatment. Further, the seed germination test using Phaseolus aureus has supported the detoxification of bacterial decolorized kraft lignin for environmental safety. All these observations have revealed that the developed bacterial co-culture was capable for the effective degradation and decolorization of lignin containing rayon grade pulp mill wastewater for environmental safety.     

公路隧道安全等级研究

我国目前的公路隧道既没有安全等级划分,也没有安全设施设计标准,设计者只能根据经验和认识程度进行设计,运营安全隐患较多.提出了影响公路隧道安全等级的5个因素和4种关系.认为公路隧道安全等级的划分必须同时考虑隧道长度和交通量,隧道长度是一个基础分界指标,交通量是一个可变的动态指标.根据目前我国公路隧道建设的实际状况和技术水平,选取隧道的特征长度分别为0.5 km、1.0 km、3.0 km、5.0 km、10.0 km,隧道的断面交通量按照高速公路的最低要求取为10 000辆/d,将公路隧道安全等级从高到低划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V五个等级,并提出了进行公路隧道安全设施标准研究的基本思路和方法.     

灾害损失及灾害等级的确定

将灾害损失划分为属性指标和经济损失，将经济损失划分为财产损失、救灾费用和效益损失，将每种经济损失划分为内部经济损失和外部经济损失，在属性指标中考虑了损失持续时间的影响，还对灾害等级的定量计算方法进行了改进和完善．     

自然灾害等级划分及灾害分级管理研究

在论述了我国目前自然灾害等级划分和灾害分级管理的几种方法基础上，对自然灾害等级划分及灾害分级管理综合因素进行了分析认为：对自然灾害等级划分要统一评判指标─－以经济损失和人员伤亡为评判指标；建议在分级管理中采用灾害分级和灾损率两项指标；在灾害管理中建立科学的查灾、计灾、报交制度，加快灾害管理立法，走以法治灾之路．     

遥感旱灾模型综合分析

本文在野外实验的基础上，对遥感旱灾模型进行综合分析和评价。运用四年的实地观测数据，校正了旱灾模型中的待定系数，使其能用于ＮＯＡＡ气象卫星对旱情的监测。对复杂的蒸散模型简化的可行性进行了尝试性研究。     

Drought-induced resettlement: a case study from Burkina Faso

As a result of the '16-year drought' that Burkina Faso experienced from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s, there has been significant movement of people from the north of the country to the south. The large numbers of people that were displaced as a result of this natural disaster put pressure on the production systems of the south and caused concern amongst development organisations that environmental degradation would follow. Through a 2-year research period, using participatory approaches, it was found that despite a doubling of the population and the introduction of foreign production systems, the process of communal land control has significantly limited environmental degradation. This paper explains how customary law has controlled the settlement of immigrants (the Mossi and Fulani) and how it has overseen land allocation in three villages. The conclusions of the study indicate that, firstly, the customary law mechanisms in the three villages are effective in addressing communal resource use and, secondly, there is an evolution in customary law systems as they respond to local change. Received: 24 February 1999 · Accepted: 15 May 1999     

1998年我国主要气象灾害综述

１９９８ 年, 我国气象灾害频繁, 洪涝、干旱、风雹、台风、低温冷冻及雪灾等不同程度发生, 特别是暴雨洪涝灾害尤为严重, 损失巨大。本文就上述几种主要气象灾害的发生特点和影响进行了分析和评述     

高等级公路车速管理研究

高等级公路交通事故中约 1/ 3与车速直接相关。为保证高等级公路行车安全 ,车速管理非常必要。从我国高等级公路管理现状出发 ,根据对我国高等级公路车辆实际运行特征和运行车速的实地调查 ,笔者对高等级公路车速限制的设定、发布及实施进行了研究 ,提出了应根据公路、交通、气象、历史事故数据等条件动态确定限制车速的概念 ,并就高等级公路车速管理的实施进行了探讨 ,重点强调了道路设计和交通安全文化建设在实施车速管理中的重要性。     

森林火险等级分布模拟--中小尺度动力学模式

通过在地形坐标系中建立考虑森林植被影响的三维大气-土壤耦合动力学模式,对神农架林区历史上几次重大森林火灾发生期的气象要素场进行了模拟,并在此基础上计算神农架林区高分辨率的森林火险等级分布状态,揭示了林火发生的一些重要规律。