A disaster scene simulation system in 3D for oil transmission stations: Design and implementation

The disaster scene in three-dimensional (3D) plays a crucial role in disaster emergency management and risk communication of oil transmission stations. However, existing research for the disaster scene mainly focuses on reproducing the disaster environment and rarely predicts the damage state of the disaster-affected object. This paper proposes an object-oriented modeling method that utilizes a multilevel decomposition pattern for disaster scenes. This method combines earthquake vulnerability assessment with 3D visualization technology to predict and characterize the damage state of critical infrastructure in oil transmission stations. To enhance earthquake risk perception, a simulation system is designed and developed, which allows for the construction of virtual scenes and quick simulation of disaster scenes in 3D. The case application shows that the system improves the 3D modeling efficiency of disaster scenes and enhances public awareness of earthquake risks. The simulation system can provide technical support for seismic mitigation planning and emergency management decision-making at oil transmission stations and has good application prospects.     

Influence of sewage culvert cover plate thickness on dynamic response and damage of the cover plate under gas explosion

In order to address the risk of combustible gas explosions in sewage culverts, a numerical model was established using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software. The model consisted of a culvert and a cover plate, and was used to study the effect of cover plate thickness (ranging from 0.08 m to 0.12 m) on the dynamic response and damage of the structure under explosive loads. The results indicated that, during the loading negative pressure stage, the equivalent stress peak value of the central monitoring unit of the cover plate first increased and then decreased with increasing cover plate thickness. Additionally, the maximum principal stress peak value first decreased and then increased, while the maximum shear stress peak value first increased and then decreased. During the loading positive pressure stage, the maximum principal strain peak value of the monitoring unit decreased overall with increasing cover plate thickness. However, the equivalent plastic strain peak value initially increased and then decreased gradually. The equivalent strain indicated that plastic damage occurred in the cover plate. Beyond a thickness of 0.11 m, increasing the cover thickness did not appear to enhance its resistance to plastic damage. The damage analysis revealed that as cover plate thickness increased, the peak displacement and velocity of the monitoring unit continued to decrease, while the overall stability and explosive resistance of the cover plate increased. Additionally, the number of damaged fragments decreased. However, once the cover plate thickness reached 0.11 m, the bonding performance of the reinforced concrete structure had been fully developed, increasing the thickness of the cover plate no longer had a significant impact on the explosive resistance of the cover plate.     

生态环境风险管理与损害赔偿制度现状与展望

我国目前面临的生态环境风险形势复杂严峻，严密防控生态环境风险已成为“十四五”和中长期生态环境保护、美丽中国建设的重要任务之一。本文探讨了生态环境风险的概念、分类，系统梳理了生态环境风险评估与管理、生态环境损害评估与损害赔偿等领域的国内外管理经验与研究进展。在此基础上，重点剖析了我国生态环境风险管理面临的痛点与难点问题，从树立生态环境风险法治管理理念、构建生态环境风险管理战略布局、建立生态环境风险常态化管控体系、加强生态环境风险防控技术支撑、强化经济和社会治理手段助力风险管控、建设生态环境损害赔偿业务化工作体系等六个方面，系统提出了加强我国生态环境风险管理的对策建议，以期为更有效地防范化解重大生态环境风险提供决策参考。     

Integrating long-term stewardship goals into the remediation process: natural resource damages and the Department of Energy

The United States and other developed countries are faced with restoring and managing degraded ecosystems. Evaluations of the degradation of ecological resources can be used for determining ecological risk, making remediation or restoration decisions, aiding stakeholders with future land use decisions, and assessing natural resource damages. Department of Energy (DOE) lands provide a useful case study for examining degradation of ecological resources in light of past or present land uses and natural resource damage assessment (NRDA). We suggest that past site history should be incorporated into the cleanup and restoration phase to reduce the ultimate NRDA costs, and hasten resource recovery. The lands that DOE purchased over 50 years ago ranged from relatively undisturbed to heavily impacted farmland, and the impact that occurred from DOE occupation varies from regeneration of natural ecosystems (benefits) to increased exposure to several stressors (negative effects). During the time of the DOE releases, other changes occurred on the lands, including recovery from the disturbance effects of farming, grazing, and residential occupation, and the cessation of human disturbance. Thus, the injury to natural resources that occurred as a result of chemical and radiological releases occurred on top of recovery of already degraded systems. Both spatial (size and dispersion of patch types) and temporal (past/present/future land use and ecological condition) components are critical aspects of resource evaluation, restoration, and NRDA. For many DOE sites, integrating natural resource restoration with remediation to reduce or eliminate the need for NRDA could be a win-win situation for both responsible parties and natural resource trustees by eliminating costly NRDAs by both sides, and by restoring natural resources to a level that satisfies the trustees, while being cost-effective for the responsible parties. It requires integration of remediation, restoration, and end-state planning to a greater degree than is currently done at most DOE sites.     

基于拉曼光谱的铅致肝细胞生物分子变化研究

利用拉曼光谱技术采集不同铅离子暴露时间(0.5,1.5,3,6,12,24h)、暴露浓度(0.05,0.1,0.5,1,5mg/L)下HepG2细胞的光谱数据,欲探究在不同铅暴露条件下肝细胞的分子变化及其相关机制.研究结果发现,在不同条件下各组细胞的光谱形态基本相同,但部分特征峰的吸光度强度存在差异.经多元统计分析发现,除6h外,同一暴露时间下不同暴露浓度细胞的光谱数据在LD1上均存在离散趋势,并在暴露24h时最明显.细胞内蛋白质、脂质、核酸、类胡萝卜素、碳水化合物等生物分子的特征峰表现出明显差异,但不同类型生物分子发生显著变化的时间并不相同.由此可见铅暴露可损伤肝细胞蛋白质、脂质、核酸、类胡萝卜素的结构并影响其正常功能,这种毒性效应呈剂量-效应关系,且随暴露时间的增加而增加.本研究说明拉曼光谱可以实现铅对肝细胞生物分子变化的相关检测,这不仅为之后的细胞毒理研究提供了新的思路,同时也为环境污染物的安全评价提供了理论依据.     

Se-Ca联合膳食干预缓解Cd诱导小鼠肝肾毒性

为探究Se-Ca联合膳食干预对生物Cd中毒的缓解效果,选取88只BALB/c小鼠,随机划分为19组,在相同饲料Cd暴露浓度下(2mg/kg)分别设置低、中、高浓度的Se和Ca单独和联合膳食干预处理,并观察30d后小鼠的生长发育、肝肾功能、氧化应激状态和组织病理变化.结果显示,Se-Ca联合干预可有效缓解Cd蓄积所致小鼠生长发育迟缓现象,且进一步促进小鼠生长;肝肾功能及氧化应激指标测定结果表明,Se-Ca联合干预对Cd暴露下小鼠肝脏AST、GSH、SOD、GSH-Px和肾脏BUN、MDA、SOD的保护效果优于单一元素干预;联合干预仅需较小剂量即可达到单独Se或Ca干预对肝肾病理损伤的最佳缓解效果.Se-Ca联合膳食干预可有效缓解Cd摄入导致的生长发育缓慢和肝肾毒性,且较之单一元素的干预效果更佳.     

毫米波近炸探测器超宽带电磁脉冲防护加固措施研究

目的 研究毫米波引信近炸探测器超宽带(Ultra-wideband,UWB)电磁脉冲防护加固措施,提高引信的电磁防护能力。方法 利用超宽带辐照试验平台,开展辐照试验,通过测试,确定受损探测器的损伤部位,明确辐照效应机理,并提出针对性加固措施。结果 超宽带电磁脉冲可使探测器出现死机或硬损伤的现象,受试探测器的效应场强阈值在50~80 kV/m。死机可在重启后恢复,而硬损伤为不可恢复现象。结论 毫米波引信近炸探测器对超宽带电磁脉冲较为敏感,锁相环回路是探测器的敏感部位。探测器暴露在辐照场下的射频电路和天线窗口是超宽带能量的主要耦合通道。采取改进元器件布局、更换器件和屏蔽线等加固措施后,探测器超宽带的防护能力有较大提升,证明了加固措施的有效性。     

基于损伤等效的振动疲劳试验载荷转换

目的使用简谐激励替代随机平直谱激励进行振动疲劳试验。方法利用有限元仿真计算某典型铝合金试验件在简谐激励和随机平直谱激励下的疲劳寿命,分析2种工况下试验件寿命相等时激励的等效关系。进行一组定频激励试验和一组谱激励试验,对比试验结果,验证在某典型铝合金试验件上利用简谐激励替代随机平直谱激励进行振动疲劳试验的可行性。结果通过试验与仿真技术,对2024-T4铝合金试验件在一定频率非共振简谐激励和随机平直谱激励作用下的振动疲劳寿命规律进行研究,得出了不同激励作用下试验件寿命相同时载荷的等效关系。结论基于损伤等效,工程中可以使用简谐激励代替随机平直谱激励进行振动疲劳试验,从而解决了一类振动疲劳试验加载困难的问题,实现振动疲劳的试验加速。     

Effect of Tinospora cordifolia on the reduction of ultraviolet radiation‐induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in PC12 cells

The safety of Tinospora cordifolia and its potential to protect against ultraviolet radiation‐induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in PC12 cells were investigated. To evaluate the safety of T. cordifolia, cell viability and agarose gel electrophoresis were carried out using PC12 cells treated with 0 to 100 μg mL^?1 of methanol extract of T. cordifolia. T. cordifolia extracts did not show cytotoxicity ranging 0 to 100 μg mL^?1. In addition, T. cordifolia extracts significantly increased cell viability at 1 ng, 10 ng and 1 μg mL^?1 concentrations in serum‐deprived medium compared to control. To confirm the protective role against UV‐induced damage, PC12 cells alone or in the presence of 10 ng, 100 ng, or 1 μg mL^?1 of T. cordifolia extract were exposed to 250, 270 and 290 nm of UV radiation, which corresponded to doses of 120, 150 and 300 mJ cm^?2, respectively. Treatment with T. cordifolia extracts significantly increased the cell survival rate irradiated at 290 nm. In addition, T. cordifolia extracts significantly reduced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation induced by UV irradiation at all wavelengths. In conclusion, T. cordifolia is not toxic and safe for cells. Our findings can support its application as phototherapy in the medical sector.     

Growth and Foliar Nitrogen Status of Four Plant Species Exposed to Atmospheric Ammonia

A chamber study was conducted to evaluate the growth response and leaf nitrogen (N) status of four plant species exposed to continuous ammonia (NH₃) for 12 weeks (wk). This was intended to evaluate appropriate plant species that could be used to trap discharged NH₃ from the exhaust fans in poultry feeding operations before moving off-site. Two hundred and forty bare-root plants of four species (Juniperus virginiana (red cedar), Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis (thornless honey locust), Populus sp. (hybrid poplar), and Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) were transplanted into 4- or 8-L polyethylene pots and grown in four environmentally controlled chambers. Plants placed in two of the four chambers received continuous exposure to anhydrous NH₃ at 4 to 5 ppm while plants in another two chambers received no NH₃. In each of the four chambers, 2 to 4 plants per species received no fertilizer while the rest of the plants were fertilized with a 100 ppm solution containing 21% N, 7% phosphorus, and 7% potassium. The results showed that honey locust was the fastest-growing species. The superior growth of honey locust among all species was also supported by its total biomass, root, and root dry matter (DM) weights. For all species there was a trend for plants exposed to NH₃ to have greater leaf DM than their non-exposed counterparts at 6 (43.0 vs. 30.8%; P = 0.09) and 12 wk (47.9 vs. 36.6%; P = 0.07), and significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) leaf N content at 6 (6.44 vs. 3.67%) and 12 wk (7.05 vs. 3.51%) when exposed to NH₃. Numerically greater leaf DM due to NH₃ exposure was also consistently measured in poplar at both sampling periods. Hybrid poplar, as well as honey locust and reed canary grass, deposited 1.5 to 2-fold greater N in their leaves than red cedar tissues as a result of NH₃ exposure compared to non-exposed plants. Regardless of the effect of NH₃ on foliar color and damage score of the plants, the increase of foliar N content (g 100 g^?1 of fresh foliage weight) after NH₃ exposure at 6 and 12 wk was 0.45 and 0.87 for grass,1.25 and 1.34 for locust, and 2.67 and 6.09 for poplar. However, only honey locust likely benefited from ambient NH₃ as indicated by its consistent leaf color quality and lower damage score, compared with other species that were adversely affected by atmospheric NH₃.