Cognition Research on Global Climate Change

Researchers are looking for an effective solution to mitigate climate change along with the growth of global average temperature and the frequent occurrence of extreme climate disasters. However, after the ratification of Kyoto Protocol, which is the international agreement dedicated to solve the problem, climate change is getting more serious in the recent decade. It is considered that the ultimate reason is not from the limitation of current technology or policy instrument but from the cognition part, which is the basis guiding people to comprehend problems and search for solutions. Until now, the research on the climate change issue is consistently based on a deficient assumption that climate change is a kind of “the tragedy of the commons.” This phenomenon could be considered as the “Pluto phenomenon” and directly cause the inefficiency of current solution. Therefore, the cognition's reconstruction is vital to guide researchers and relevant stakeholders to search for an efficient approach to mitigate climate change.     

氨氮在饮用水生物滤池内的去除机制

为探讨饮用水生物滤池对NH4+-N的去除机制,测定生物滤池进出水中NH4+-N、NO2--N、NO3--N、高锰酸盐指数、总磷、单质氮(N2)、温度和溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)等指标,并采集生物滤池不同层高(0、10、20、40、60 cm)活性炭生物填料,应用分子生物学技术,对样品中的细菌种群进行研究.结果表明,根据进水NH4+-N浓度分为3个阶段,第一、二和三阶段都发生了"氮亏损"现象(出水无机氮之和小于进水无机氮之和),氮亏损的量(出水无机氮之和与进水无机氮之和的差值)分别为0.94、0.32和0.15 mg.L-1.氮亏损的量与进水中NH4+-N浓度有很好的正相关性,但与进水中高锰酸盐指数浓度没有线性关系.第一阶段水中N2的平均浓度随着生物滤池填料层高呈上升趋势,进水中N2平均浓度是14.04 mg.L-1,出水N2平均浓度为14.67 mg.L-1.测序结果显示活性炭上生物膜中氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)全部归为3个常见属:Nitrosococcus、Nitrosomonas和Nitrosospira.当生物滤池进水NH4+-N浓度较高时,生物滤池中发生的"氮亏损"现象是由AOB的作用.     

船舶感烟探测器探测时间与布置间距近似计算

为计算船舶感烟探测器的探测时间和布置间距,在现有感烟探测器迟滞现象研究成果基础上,根据临界速度法,建立感烟探测器探测时间计算模型,提出探测器布置间距的近似计算方法.计算结果表明,对于平整顶棚,感烟探测器探测时间随着布置间距的增大呈线性增大,而对于走廊(或下有横梁的顶棚),当探测间距大于走廊宽度时,在规范规定的最大间距范...     

The role of water in the information exchange between the components of an ecosystem

Living organisms and ecosystems have been shown to be sensitive to very weak signals originating very far away. The dynamics governing these phenomena is discussed in the framework of Quantum Field Theory. This phenomenon gives an indication on the dynamics responsible for the exchange of information in ecosystems. The peculiar role of coherent water is stressed. It is shown that energy is able to travel in a coherent medium in form of solitons, without any losses.     

A functional perspective on the analysis of land use and land cover data in ecology

Assessments of large-scale changes in habitat are a priority for management and conservation. Traditional approaches use land use and land cover data (LULC) that focus mostly on “structural” properties of landscapes, rather than “functional” properties related to specific ecological processes. Here, we contend that designing functional analyses of LULC can provide important and complementary information to traditional, structural analyses. We substantiate this perspective with an example of functional changes in habitat due to industrial anthropogenic footprints in Alberta’s boreal forest, where there has been little overall forest loss (~ 6% structural change), but high levels of functional change (up to 93% functional change) for species’ habitat, biodiversity, and wildfire ignition. We discuss the methods needed to achieve functional LULC analyses, when they are most appropriate to add to structural assessments, and conclude by providing recommendations for analyses of LULC in a future of increasingly high-resolution, dynamic remote sensing data.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01434-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

PREDICTION OF MEAN ANNUAL FLOWS IN THE FRASER RIVER CATCHMENT,BRITISH COLUMBIA1

ABSTRACT: A method of predicting annual flows is presented and is applied to the Fraser River catchment. Statistical tests show the annual flow records to be stationary and aerially independent and can be adequately approximated by Gaussian distributions. Estimates are made of the Gaussian parameters for each subbasin. The spatial variations of these parameters are described by third order trend surfaces. The fitted surfaces can then be used to predict parameters of ungaged basins using the latitude and longitude of the basin centroids. The predicted parametric values are substituted into the Gaussian distribution to generate flows of various return periods.     

近年几次大地震震害的若干启示

本文通过分析近年发生的几次著名大地震的震害资料和震时现象，讨论了与其相关的工程地震问题，并对西安市工程地震问题进行了研究。     

中小学校园踩踏事故统计分析及应对措施研究

为掌握中小学校园踩踏事故发生规律,预防事故发生,收集、整理近10年来的事故案例进行统计分析,获得了中小学校园踩踏事故的时空分布和影响因素的统计特征。发现存在"秋季学期"现象、"星期一"现象和事故易发生在教学楼1～2楼楼梯间。分析事故主要原因有:学生安全素质不高,学生安全教育不足,信息交流不畅,学校硬件设施设计不合理,学校应急管理不足。针对案例统计分析结果和原因,提出预防中小学校园踩踏事故的应对措施,为相关部门预防和处置事故提供决策支持。     

混凝体系中水解铝盐的再稳现象的研究

基于铝水解聚合形态产生再稳现象的反应机制,对Al13的再稳现象的成因、影响铝水解形态吸附再稳发生的因素进行了分析,同时从理论上对胶粒表面浓度与凝聚剂剂量、体系随pH变化对混凝效果的影响、颗粒物的扩散传质速率进行了研究．结果表明：再稳现象的产生与凝聚剂剂量与胶体颗粒物表面浓度的相对比值、混凝体系的pH和流体的扩散输送状况有关．尤其是低颗粒物表面浓度下的混凝最易出现再稳．图3,参12．     

水体中悬浮颗粒物对十溴二苯醚的吸附/解吸特性研究

采用室内试验法,以沉积颗粒物和浮游植物颗粒(铜绿微囊藻和普通小球藻)作为水体中悬浮颗粒物(SPM),研究了SPM对十溴二苯醚(BDE-209)的吸附/解吸特性.结果表明,沉积颗粒物和浮游植物颗粒对BDE-209的吸附分别在1.5h和0.5h内达到最大,在3h内可以充分达到平衡;沉积颗粒物和浮游植物颗粒对BDE-209的吸附能力存在差异,这与颗粒物中有机质的浓度和类型有关;在实验浓度范围内,BDE-209在SPM上的吸附可用Freundlich等温吸附方程较好地拟合;解吸过程表现出一定的迟滞性,且沉积颗粒物比浮游植物颗粒物具有更明显的迟滞性;pH中性、温度20～30℃的水体有利于SPM对BDE-209的吸附.