Forest Restoration and Forest Communities: Have Local Communities Benefited from Forest Service Contracting of Ecosystem Management?

Conservation-based development programs have sought to create economic opportunities for people negatively impacted by biological diversity protection. The USDA Forest Service, for example, developed policies and programs to create contracting opportunities for local communities to restore public lands to replace jobs lost from reduced timber harvest. This article examines 12 years of Forest Service land management contracting in western Oregon, Washington, and northern California to evaluate if contractors located in communities near national forests have been awarded more land management contracts and contract value over time. We find that land management contracting spending has declined dramatically and, once we control for intervening factors, we find that local contractors have received a smaller proportion of land management contracts over time.     

Plan C： China＇s Development under the Scarcity of Natural Capital

The critical issue of China＇s modernization is whether it can free itself from the traditional modernization plan based on the relatively abundant natural capital, and innovatively create a developmental model of a large country under the scarcity of natural capital. This is why China is so keen on circular economy and economical use of resources. Focused on this issue, this paper summarizes the theoretical elements of the development under the scarcity of natural capital, points out that Plan C is the strategic choice for China＇s future development, emphasizes that China needs to enhance the new industrialization, new urbanization and new modernization based on the restriction of natural capital, and discusses the technological and mechanistic support required to realize the development under the scarcity of natural capital.     

安全生产事故人员伤残间接损失统计研究

针对安全生产事故的人员伤残损失统计,除直接经济损失外,还包括因死亡和伤残而导致的间接经济损失。为了计算我国安全生产事故导致的人员伤残损失,DALY(伤残调整寿命年)是目前国际疾病负担应用较多的统计指标,其将因伤残导致的健康寿命损失和死亡寿命损失综合计算。笔者首次应用DALY来计算2005年我国工矿商贸企业伤亡事故导致的伤残寿命损失,2005年因事故伤亡导致的健康寿命损失至少有3 651 862人年,折合成静态经济损失约878亿元。通过DALY计算健康寿命损失可以从一个全新的角度发现事故造成的间接损失,在调查处理安全生产事故时,除了直接损失外,还应该重视安全生产事故带来的间接损失。     

层次分析法在规划环评中的应用--以太仓市沿江地区规划为例

综合分析了层次分析法(AHP法)的特点及应用于规划环评的优势,并以太仓市沿江地区规划为例,综合考虑社会、经济和环境资源的因素,建立了评价体系,对太仓市沿江地区规划的4个替代方案进行了比选,最后对拟定规划方案给出了修正建议。     

朝阳市“十二五”期间主要大气污染物减排潜力分析

通过对朝阳市“十一五”大气污染物减排成果及问题的分析,围绕“十二五”减排目标,从电力行业脱硫设施稳定运行、推进低氮燃烧技术、加快钢铁企业烧结机脱硫、取缔供暖行业燃煤小锅炉、加快在用车淘汰力度及规范油品供应等方面对朝阳市“十二五”期间减排潜力进行了调查和研究。     

重庆市五大功能区差异化环境保护政策研究

5大功能区战略是重庆坚持主体功能区规划理念,优化人口、产业和城镇发展布局,实现全市资源配置最优化和整体功能最大化的重要举措。该战略的实施对环境管理提出了新的任务和要求,构建有利于促进5大功能区建设的配套环境保护政策意义重大且非常迫切。本文在全面分析各功能区生态环境压力、发展定位和环境保护目标的基础上,遵循"分类指导、分区推进"原则,构建了5大功能区差异化环境保护政策框架,突出了生态红线、环境准入、总量控制、环境标准、环境监管、环境经济政策、绩效考核7大政策在不同功能区的政策取向和实施重点,有利于发挥环境保护政策的激励和约束作用。     

Online single particle measurement of fireworks pollution during Chinese New Year in Nanning

Time-resolved single-particle measurements were conducted during Chinese New Year in Nanning, China. Firework displays resulted in a burst of SO_2, coarse mode, and accumulation mode(100–500 nm) particles. Through single particle mass spectrometry analysis, five different types of particles(fireworks-metal, ash, dust, organic carbon-sulfate(OC-sulfate), biomass burning) with different size distributions were identified as primary emissions from firework displays. The fireworks-related particles accounted for more than70% of the total analyzed particles during severe firework detonations. The formation of secondary particulate sulfate and nitrate during firework events was investigated on single particle level. An increase of sulfite peak(80SO_3~-) followed by an increase of sulfate peaks(97HSO_4~-+ 96SO_4~-) in the mass spectra during firework displays indicated the aqueous uptake and oxidation of SO_2 on particles. High concentration of gaseous SO_2, high relative humidity and high particle loading likely promoted SO_2 oxidation. Secondary nitrate formed through gas-phase oxidation of NO_2 to nitric acid, followed by the condensation into particles as ammonium nitrate. This study shows that under worm, humid conditions, both primary and secondary aerosols contribute to the particulate air pollution during firework displays.     

贵阳城市环境功能定位研究

环境功能定位是城市环境总体规划的重要组成内容和出发点,同时也是城市维持环境功能、环境形态和环境安全的基础。文章以第二批城市环境总体规划试点城市之一的贵阳市为案例,结合城市环境功能定位的经验方法,从大系统和长周期角度出发,分析了长江流域和长江经济带对贵阳市的环境功能需求,梳理了贵阳市环境问题演变和与工业化、城镇化发展历程之间的相互关系,对比分析了贵阳市在西南地区主要城市中的环境比较优势,最终得出贵阳市的4大环境功能定位。最后分析了贵阳市发挥4大环境功能存在的问题和挑战,并且提出了相应的对策建议。     

"十三五"环境保护的网络舆情研究

以百度为数据获取渠道,综合分析了以下几类环境保护网络舆情:(1) 环境保护"十三五"规划的网络舆情分析,包括网民关注热点和网民特征;(2)"十二五"期间,网民对"空气"、"水资源"、"生活垃圾"、"噪声"、"土壤"等问题的总体关注度;(3)"十二五"期间,网民对"空气"、"水资源"、"噪声"、"土壤"四类问题的关注焦点.把握网络舆情发展的规律和趋势,加强引导和管理,将有助于环境保护"十三五"规划的有效实施.     

“十二五”减排挑战与对策探讨

通过总结"十一五"期间我国环境保护工作取得的主要成果,及对"十二五"环境保护规划目标的分析,论述了"十二五"减排面临的挑战,并从强化法律、管理、行政、经济手段,实施结构减排和清洁生产等方面提出了可行性建议,以期确保国家环境保护规划目标的实现。