国家“十四五”环境经济政策改革路线图

"十三五"时期环境经济政策对建立我国生态文明建设长效机制发挥了重要作用,"十四五"时期需要通过进一步深化环境经济政策改革与创新以适应新时代生态文明建设需要。本文研究提出了我国"十四五"时期环境经济政策改革思路、框架与重点,认为我国"十四五"时期环境经济政策改革要深入贯彻习近平生态文明思想,系统考虑政策改革创新面临的新形势和新要求,推进建立"两山"转化和环境质量达标的长效激励机制,突出环境质量持续改善激励、突出经济过程全链条调控,突出政策手段的系统优化与协同增效,突出政策执行能力保障。继续推进生态环境财政制度改革,深化绿色价格税费机制创新,推进建立多元化、市场化生态补偿制度,健全生态环境权益交易机制,完善绿色金融体系,并同步推进完善生态环境价值核算、环境信息公开和信用体系、资源环境名录、政策绩效评估等政策实施配套能力建设,构建全面支撑生态文明建设的环境经济政策体系,推进环境治理体系和治理能力现代化。     

The Costs of Meeting the Environmental Objectives for the Baltic Sea: A Review of the Literature

The environmental targets of the recently agreed Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) targets are likely associated with a considerable cost, which motivates a search for low-cost policies. The following review shows there is a substantial literature on cost-efficient nutrient reduction strategies, including suggestions regarding low-cost abatement, but actual policies at international and national scale tend to be considerably more expensive due to lack of instruments that ensure a cost-efficient allocation of abatement across countries and sectors. Economic research on the costs of reducing hazardous substances and oil spill damages in the Baltic Sea is not available, but lessons from the international literature suggest that resources could be used more efficiently if appropriate analysis is undertaken. Common to these pollution problems is the need to ensure that all countries in the region are provided with positive incentives to implement international agreements.     

基于RS/GIS技术的“十一五”期间塔里木河流域生态环境质量综合评价分析

"十一五"是新疆经济飞速发展的五年,同时也是重大生态保护工程十五实施期。本文采用国家环境保护部制定的《生态环境状况评价技术规范》(HJ/T192-2006)分别对新疆"十五"末与"十一五"末生态环境质量进行综合评价分析。结果显示:塔里木河流域生态环境质量总体处于较差水平,各县(市)生态环境质量以较差和差为主,二者面积总和在全区总面积60%以上;与"十五"末相比,全区生态环境质量保持稳定,无明显变化。呈现总体趋于稳定,局部区域有所改善的特征。     

Ensemble Modeling of the Baltic Sea Ecosystem to Provide Scenarios for Management

We present a multi-model ensemble study for the Baltic Sea, and investigate the combined impact of changing climate, external nutrient supply, and fisheries on the marine ecosystem. The applied regional climate system model contains state-of-the-art component models for the atmosphere, sea ice, ocean, land surface, terrestrial and marine biogeochemistry, and marine food-web. Time-dependent scenario simulations for the period 1960–2100 are performed and uncertainties of future projections are estimated. In addition, reconstructions since 1850 are carried out to evaluate the models sensitivity to external stressors on long time scales. Information from scenario simulations are used to support decision-makers and stakeholders and to raise awareness of climate change, environmental problems, and possible abatement strategies among the general public using geovisualization. It is concluded that the study results are relevant for the Baltic Sea Action Plan of the Helsinki Commission.     

Copper desorption in flooded agricultural soils and toxicity to the Florida apple snail (Pomacea paludosa): implications in Everglades restoration

Copper (Cu) desorption and toxicity to the Florida apple snail were investigated from soils obtained from agricultural sites acquired under the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. Copper concentrations in 11 flooded soils ranged from 5 to 234 mg/kg on day 0 and from 6.2 to 204 mg/kg on day 28 (steady-state). The steady-state Cu concentration in overlying water ranged from 9.1 to 308.2 microg/L. In a 28-d growth study, high mortality in snails occurred within 9 to 16 d in two of three soil treatments tested. Growth of apple snails over 28 d was affected by Cu in these two treatments. Tissue Cu concentrations by day 14 were 12-23-fold higher in snails exposed to the three soil treatments compared to controls. The endangered Florida snail kite and its main food source, the Florida apple snail, may be at risk from Cu exposure in these managed agricultural soil-water ecosystems.     

湖北省酸雨控制区二氧化硫污染防治规划

在归纳湖北省酸雨控制区二氧化硫污染特征的基础上,对我省酸雨控制区二氧化硫的防治途径进行了分析。提出了全省“十五”期间二氧化硫总量控制规划,并从工业点源治理、城市清洁能源两大方面安排了二氧化硫污染防治的工程措施。“十五”期间全省共安排重点项目45项,计划投资960282万元,项目完成后削减二氧化硫19.19万t/a,实现“十五”规划目标。     

关于饮用水水源保护在广西环境保护“十三五”规划中的战略思考

在对广西当前环境形势以及"十二五"时期饮用水水源地保护问题识别的基础上,结合广西全面建设小康环境新要求,提出了"十三五"饮用水水源保护规划体系以及规划目标的设想,并从保护红线、面源治理、点源治理、环境监测、信息公开5个方面给出了基本的策略建议,可为制定广西"十三五"环境保护规划目标和重点任务提供参考。     

浅析苏州市“十三五”环境保护和生态建设规划总体思路

文章分析苏州“十二五”期间存在的环境问题,明确“十三五”生态环境保护工作以改善水、大气、土壤等环境质量为核心,环境风险得到有效管控,建成较为完整的生态文明制度体系的目标,并提出了绿色发展全过程治污减排,打好治水、控霾、净土三大战役,强化生态空间保护,加强综合管控降低重点领域环境风险,推进生态环保制度改革,全面增强环境监管能力等方面的主要任务,促进经济社会与生态环境保护更好更快地协调发展.     

Experiences of Measurement,Reporting and Verification Towards 20% Reduction Target in China

Bali Action Plan provisions acknowledge the fact that developing countries are already making efforts to reduce emis- sions and move towards a low carbon pathway. The Copenhagen Accord mentions Nationa...     

“十一五”期间大凌河朝阳段水环境质量变化趋势研究

通过分析"十一五"期间大凌河朝阳段环境质量变化趋势,发现:氨氮浓度呈整体上升趋势,化学需氧量浓度呈整体下降趋势;氨氮从V类水质降低到中劣V类水质标准,化学需氧量从劣V类水质升高到中IV类水质标准。"十一五"期间大凌河朝阳段水环境质量的变化原因为:城市污水处理厂对氨氮去除率不高。基于此,提出了"十二五"期间大凌河朝阳段可将调整产业结构、发展绿色经济、实施污染治理三大工程作为水环境污染防治对策。