铁路事故救援系统的构建研究

在研究事故救援现状的基础上 ,分析并提出了铁路事故救援系统的构建条件 ,将铁路事故救援的可用资源分为内部资源和社会资源两大类 ,归纳总结了参与铁路事故救援的各部门组织的结构关系 ;根据实践中铁路事故救援的工作程序 ,归纳出事故救援系统的工作流程 ,探索了事故救援预案的构成内容 ;将铁路事故救援系统划分为救援资源、救援预案库、事故救援辅助决策等 6个功能模块 ,并进行了功能模块的分析以及系统的特点分析。该系统已经应用在大同铁路分局的运输生产中 ,达到了缩短救援响应时间、减少事故的损失和降低对运输生产的影响等效果。     

重大工业隐患的地域监控体系研究

系统地分析了重大工业危险源与事故隐患 ;研究了地域监控、预警、应急预案的体系建设以及隐患监控的新技术应用基础 ;提出了职业安全卫生监控体系中的工业危险源和隐患监控。笔者认为 :应该分为过程安全监控和安全目标监控两个层次     

傅立叶变换红外光谱法直接定性分析水样中有机污染物

用蒸馏水作为样品红外光谱的背景图谱,在水样图谱中扣除背景图谱即得到其中主要污染物的红外谱图,通过解谱,可对水样中的成分作出快速定性,在环境应急监测中得到应用。     

Process Safety Management (PSM) for managing contractors in process plant

Accidents involving contractors continue to occur with regular frequency. By using the standard set within the PSM 29 CFR 1910.119(h) regulations, it has been identified that certain aspects of the way contractors do work are not up to the stipulated regulatory requirements especially regarding matters like not providing mandatory personal protective equipment (PPE) to the workers, not discussing hazards related to handling procedures with the workforce and improper control of non-routine activities during changes in shifts. The PSM 29 CFR 1910.119(h) regulations promulgated in 1992 provides standards that covered processes to obtain and evaluate data regarding contractors' health and safety programs as well as the contractors' performance evaluation. Many of the accidents involving contractors are direct result of poor training of contractors and/or poor control of the contracted work. Even though most organizations have their own contractor management systems, there are issues in meeting the requirements of PSM. The PSM standard only state “what to do” not “how to do it”. This is known as self-regulatory policy which depends on the industries understanding to interpret the standard that also contribute to this problem. This paper presents a structured and easy technique to plan and implement a practical and comprehensive contractors' management system in process industries that will comply with OSHA CFR 1910.119. A model has been developed based on this technique and its application has been tested in a pilot plant for compliance to PSM regulation. The model is beneficial to the process industries as any deficiencies in the PSM contractors' management program will be highlighted by the model which will then easily correct the identified deficiency so as to minimize and prevent catastrophic accidents.     

Association of emergency room visits for respiratory diseases with sources of ambient PM2.5

Previous studies have reported associations of short-term exposure to different sources of ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) and increased mortality or hospitalizations for respiratory diseases. Few studies, however, have focused on the short-term effects of source-specific PM_(2.5) on emergency room visits(ERVs) of respiratory diseases. Source apportionment for PM_(2.5) was performed with Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF) and generalized additive model was applied to estimate associations between source-specific PM_(2.5) and respiratory disease ERVs. The association of PM_(2.5) and total respiratory ERVs was found on lag4(RR = 1.011, 95%CI: 1.002, 1.020) per interquartile range(76 μg/m~3) increase.We found PM_(2.5) to be significantly associated with asthma, bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) ERVs, with the strongest effects on lag5(RR = 1.072,95%CI: 1.024, 1.119), lag4(RR = 1.104, 95%CI: 1.032, 1.176) and lag3(RR = 1.091, 95%CI: 1.047,1.135), respectively. The estimated effects of PM_(2.5) changed little after adjusting for different air pollutants. Six primary PM_(2.5) sources were identified using PMF analysis, including dust/soil(6.7%), industry emission(4.5%), secondary aerosols(30.3%), metal processing(3.2%),coal combustion(37.5%) and traffic-related source(17.8%). Some of the sources were identified to have effects on ERVs of total respiratory diseases(dust/soil, secondary aerosols, metal processing, coal combustion and traffic-related source), bronchitis ERVs(dust/soil) and COPD ERVs(traffic-related source, industry emission and secondary aerosols). Different sources of PM_(2.5) contribute to increased risk of respiratory ERVs to different extents, which may provide potential implications for the decision making of air quality related policies, rational emission control and public health welfare.     

Predicting local population distributions around a central shelter based on a predation risk-growth trade-off

Animals face trade-offs between predation risk and foraging success depending on their location in the landscape; for example, individuals that remain near a common shelter may be safe from predation but incur stronger competition for resources. Despite a long tradition of theoretical exploration of the relationships among foraging success, conspecific competition, predation risk, and population distribution in a heterogeneous environment, the scenario we describe here has not been explored theoretically. We construct a model of habitat use rules to predict the distribution of a local population (prey sharing a common shelter and foraging across surrounding habitats). Our model describes realized habitat quality as a ratio of density- and location-dependent mortality to density-dependent growth. We explore how the prey distribution around a shelter is expected to change as the parameters governing the strength of density dependence, landscape characteristics, and local abundance vary. Within the range of parameters where prey spend some time away from shelter but remain site-attached, the prey density decreases away from shelter. As the distance at which prey react to predators increases, the population range generally increases. At intermediate reaction distances, however, increases in the reaction distance lead to decreases in the maximum foraging distance because of increased evenness in the population distribution. As total abundance increases, the population range increases, average population density increases, and realized quality decreases. The magnitude of these changes differs in, for example, ‘high-’ and ‘low-visibility’ landscapes where prey can detect predators at different distances.     

山东沿海防护林体系森林承载能力

本文试图从森林承载力的主要影响因素入手,通过人均消耗木材、薪柴、水果、干果等四个反映不同生活水平的指标,分析山东省沿海防护林体系的森林生产力及其与人口、经济社会发展的相关关系,预测山东沿海防护林体系不同时期、不同生活水平条件下的森林承载力,并探讨提高森林承载力的对策途径。     

处置萌芽状态突发事件的数学模型探讨

本文应用运筹学方法．从分析突发事件的发生规律入手，建立处置萌芽状态突发事件的数学模型．探讨其环节及对策．为处置突发事件提供定量和定性的分析方法。     

建立在GIS平台上的环境应急监测管理系统模型设计——以廊坊市为例

以廊坊市为例研究了以GIS技术系统为支持平台的环境应急监测管理系统(EEMMS),结合实际给出了该系统的框架模型。EEMMS系统模型的应用可为突发性环境污染事故应急监测提供快速、可行的工作方法和模式,为环境事故应急指挥系统决策提供及时、有效、科学的技术支持。