Emergency response plan for boiler explosion with toxic chemical releases at Nan-Kung industrial park in central Taiwan

A large amount of hazardous materials and equipment has been extensively employed to produce useful chemicals for our daily lives, but many serious accidents, such as fires, explosions, toxic releases, and so on, that harm human beings and impact the environment have occurred during preparation, operation, and transportation of these chemicals. On 17 May 2007, a toxic release from a boiler explosion in a chemical firm triggered a large amount of xylene (7 ton), isopropanol (8 ton), phosphorus trichloride (44.7 ton), and dimethyl formamide (DMF) (1.37 ton) to be released to the atmosphere with total damages of 2000 m² level ground. Through concerted efforts from the Yunlin Emergency Response Information Center (YERIC), sponsored by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) of Taiwan and other government sectors, this accident was eventually well controlled after 37 h with 107 people being involved in the rescue action. This study could be applied to lessen the degree of hazard for relevant accidents with an emergency response plan (ERP), and, via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and photo ionization detector (PID) the toxic concentrations of airborne chemicals that occurred in the industrial area could be analyzed.     

电梯困人应急救援理论的初步建立

针对备受社会关注的电梯困人应急救援的快速实现,在电梯应急救援体系建设下,研究电梯困人救援的快速实现的影响因素、改进措施及标准化电梯困人应急救援体系的建立,提出了一种建立标准化电梯困人应急救援体系的理论,该理论在提升电梯应急救援效率,缩短电梯困人救援时间上给出了指导性理论,通过以某医院为实施对象进行了试验数据采集、统计与...     

长江上游防护林体系不同林种的生态经济效益研究

通过对长江上游环境背景特征研究，探讨了防护林体系建立的重要性，并进行防护林体系配置，由此设置生态效益监测体系，以流域为单元，分层研究防护林体系的综合效益。研究表明：防护林体系配置后，坡面径流减少６２％，径流含沙量减少６９％，土壤肥力、土壤微生物活性均比荒坡高４～５倍；林地地温和气温均比农耕地低２～３℃，相对湿度提高３０％～４０％；流域的年地表径流减少，森林覆被率每增加１％，年地表径流减少４．１ｍｍ，年产沙量可减少５％～７％。生物措施可减少２５％的泥沙，工程措施减少２９％的泥沙。营建防护林后，经济效益明显：在中、低山区，林地直接经济效益净增值为９２１．５～９９２．４元／ｈm₂·ａ，四川盆地净增值为８５０．３～１４３８．６元／ｈm₂·ａ。     

江苏省太湖应急防控形势及对策体系研究

对2008年-2010年来太湖水质状况、蓝藻暴发状况及影响因素、湖泛发生状况及成因、蓝藻生长对湖体水质的影响、蓝藻与湖泛对饮用水安全影响进行了研究.简述了环保、建设、水利、气象、中科院南京地理与湖泊研究所等部门和单位,在监测预警、供水保障、调水引流、打捞蓝藻、生态清淤、控源截污、人工增雨、统筹协调等方面团结协作、多措并...     

突发性水污染事故预警体系建设综述

随着流域水污染事件的频发,突发性水污染事故预警平台的科学建设成为流域应急管理的重要内容。基于预警平台数据感知层、数据管理层、业务感知层的总体架构,综述了国内外突发性水污染事故预警平台的建设现状。从水质监测技术、突发事故预警模型、预警平台整体构建4个方面分析了近年来突发性水污染事故预警平台的研究进展与不足,以期为流域突发性水污染预警系统的建设提供参考。     

便携式 GC-MS 在水体挥发性有机污染物应急监测中的应用

建立了便携式GC-MS测定水体中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的方法.该方法能快速对水体中的54种VOCs进行定性和定量,其相关性r>0.996,检测限为0.05 μg/L～0.97 μg/L,RSD<13.4%,回收率为93.5%～109%,适用于水体中VOCs的应急监测工作.     

Review on the emergency evacuation in chemicals-concentrated areas

For serious accidents such as toxic/flammable release, fire and explosion in chemicals-concentrated areas, one primary issue is to evacuate on-site workers from potential affected zones. In this paper, based on corresponding reports, photos and videos, some accidents involving emergency evacuation are firstly investigated to present important and interesting problems to be considered in practice. These problems are summarized into three kinds of aspects including the poor efficiency of emergency plans, the low accuracy and high time-consuming calculation for evacuation route planning, and the neglection of evacuee's behavior and decision-making. Two main factors influencing the behavior and decision-making of evacuees are concluded as potential risk and impact from hazard sources, and the visibility at different locations. Then, the literature with respect to the emergency evacuation under toxic gas leakage, fire and visibility-limited conditions are reviewed. The key problems are related to ignoring the time-consuming requirement in emergency activities and domino effects of accidents, and the oversimplification of corresponding models. At last, from the famous cellular automata (CA) for emergency evacuation and atmospheric dispersion, a new general research framework for evacuation in chemicals-concentrated areas is proposed. It relies strongly on the quantitative assessment of risk, the establishment of individual visibility field, the use of CA coupled with artificial neural networks, and the optimal route planning. This paper could be useful for realistic problems on emergency evacuation in chemicals-concentrated areas.     

中国地震应急二级分区的初步研究

在已有地震应急宏观分区研究的基础上,首先讨论了进一步开展地震应急次级分区的意义及其分区方案的多样性;然后提取“政治经济强辐射中心、少数民族聚居区、贫困人口聚居区、侨乡、大型工业危险源”等5方面社会经济因素在不同县域内的10种主要组合类型作为区划指标,采取“自下而上归并”的区划途径,进行了中国地震应急二级分区研究。结果表明,在将我国大陆划分为8个地震应急一级大区的基础上,从社会经济角度又可大致划分出19个二级区;二级区的划分进一步揭示了不同地区开展地震应急工作时应注意的一些较具体的社会经济问题及其空间配置特点;两级分区的结合从“宏观概括”和“中观具体”两个层次示范了地震应急分区研究的基本内容。     

南京市人防工程环境放射性调查

在冬季、春季和夏季分别对南京市人防工程内空气中氡浓度进行了测量.结果显示,对应于不通风、半自然通风、自然通风三种方式,夏季氡浓度最高,为904.2 Bq/m3,是南京市室内平均值的50倍,冬季次之,春季最低,分别为12倍和7.9倍.γ射线空气吸收剂量率和土壤及建筑材料中放射性核素γ能谱分析结果表明,前者为正常本底水平,而后者与全国及南京平均值处于同一水平.根据测量数据,计算了工作人员受到的年有效剂量,为4.29 mSv,是全国平均值(2.30mSv)的1.9倍,且吸入氡及氡子体所致内照射剂量所占比重较大,为84.1%,危害更大.建议采用加强通风的措施降低空气中的氡浓度,以减轻危害.     

突发事故水环境污染应急监测系统建立及运行

对水环境污染应急监测系统的建立进行了策划,阐述了应急监测系统及野战实验室的构成,对应急监测系统的运行进行了论述。