Shelter recovery in urban Haiti after the earthquake: the dual role of social capital

This paper documents the culture‐specific understanding of social capital among Haitians and examines its benefits and downsides in post‐disaster shelter recovery following the 12 January 2010 earthquake. The case study of shelter recovery processes in three socioeconomically diverse communities (Pétion‐Ville, Delmas and Canapé Vert) in Port‐au‐Prince suggests that social capital plays dual roles in post‐disaster shelter recovery of the displaced population in Haiti. On the one hand, it provides enhanced access to shelter‐related resources for those with connections. On the other hand, it accentuates pre‐existing inequalities or creates new inequalities among displaced Haitians. In some cases, such inequalities lead to tensions between the have and have‐nots and instigate violence among the displaced.     

Business Process Reengineering of emergency management procedures: A case study

The production and storage of dangerous substances in an industrial establishment creates risks for man, environment and properties in the surrounding area. Safety regulations require the establishment of a preventive information campaign regarding industrial risks and self-defence measures to adopt in an emergency situation. In the case of a major accident, people must be promptly made aware of the appropriate self-defence actions and behaviours to adopt. This strategic activity can reduce the panic effect, make citizens more cooperative and guarantee the effectiveness of any emergency plan. In this paper, the information chain is studied as an industrial process modelled by the IDEF0 language. Through this method, each link in the chain has been deeply analysed. For each function of the process, the inputs, outputs and necessary controls and resources have been identified. Starting from a clear view of the current state, the process of re-engineering has been implemented to minimise or eliminate downtime, deficiencies and illnesses and, thus, consequent time losses. The main contribution of the IDEF0 application in emergency management is to provide a clear view of the whole system, a communication system between emergency actors, a rich information source and a structured base for the re-engineering process.     

Saharan dust clouds and human health in the English-speaking Caribbean: what we know and don’t know

Dust clouds travel across the Atlantic to the Americas and the Caribbean Islands. This long-range transport of dust leads to clouds that are enriched with small particles less than 10 microm aerodynamic diameter (PM10) which can reach human airways. The dust clouds also bring pollen, microbes, insects and chemicals, all of which could potentially have a negative impact on human health. This has led to a small number of retrospective studies being conducted on the islands of Barbados and Trinidad to look at possible associations between dust cover and acute asthma admissions to Emergency Rooms. The results have been conflicting. This review examines these studies, offers possible explanations for the differences in results, and suggests that there is a need for a prospective Caribbean-wide study to assess fully any relationship between African dust clouds and human respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.     

Diversity and adaptation of shelters in transitional settlements for IDPs in Afghanistan

The diversity of shelters used in transitional settlements for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Herat, Afghanistan is described. The information is based on a field survey undertaken in March 2002 and highlights the adaptation techniques, which IDPs undertake to improve any provided shelter. Potential areas for improvement are indicated; for example, the possibility for using insulated, demountable liners to prevent cold-related deaths without sacrificing shelter flexibility along with the likely need for better agency coordination of the shelter responses they provide. The wider context in which the technical recommendations would be implemented must also be considered. Such issues include agency resources, political impediments to providing the desired option, and the preference of many IDPs that the best shelter would be their home.     

重大事故隐患监控与应急预案的实用性研究

本项实用性研究是将高新技术手段应用于重点企业安全生产管理工作──重大事 故隐患监控、应急预定计划方案、安全管理绩效评价等方面的一项有益的探索与尝试。本项研究应 用了系统论、控制论、运筹学、决策学的学术内容，在方法论上综合了社会环境，人文因素对工程客体 变异过程的影响，同时在管理科学的实用意义上，又将对企业安全管理的文档整理、信息收集、数据 处理、自动警示、动态分析和预测、预防起到技术推动作用，是安全生产工作中的一项创造性工作。     

Driver-training and emergency brake performance in cars with antilock braking systems

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a two-day post-license driver-training program on brake performance in cars with antilock braking systems (ABS). A trainee group (n = 26) and a control group (n = 13) participated in the experiment. The trainee group were enrolled in a two-day training course that included instruction in a braking technique that may be used in cars with and without ABS. All participants performed emergency brake tests from 80 and 100 km h⁻¹ in an instrumented car before and after the training period. Results indicated the post-training group used a smoother braking profile, were less reliant on ABS activation, had enhanced postural stability, but took about one car length longer to stop from 100 km h⁻¹ compared with the control group. Implications of these results for braking in cars with and without ABS, and for driver education programs in general are discussed.     

盱眙淮河油污染事故的应急监测

回顾分析了淮安市盱眙淮河石油污染事件的应急监测与处置方法,总结了应急监测及处置工作的经验教训和不足,为处置此类环境污染事件提供一些借鉴。     

浅议突发性环境污染事故应急管理措施

本文通过对突发性环境应急管理中存在问题的叙述,阐明树立全过程应急管理新理念,应对突发性环境污染事故的观点以及全过程应急管理所应采取的必要措施。     

呼和浩特市环境安全与健康应急决策系统构建示范研究——以内蒙古三联化工集团为例

以内蒙古三联化工集团为研究对象,通过对企业的调查和研究以及查阅文献,同时依托内蒙古环境保护厅环境污染监控中心环境应急管理系统,对风险源内蒙古三联化工集团作了详尽的、整体的研究。借助该计算机应急辅助决策系统实现特定风险源应急方案中应急人员、应急保障、应急处置方法、模型预测结果、缓冲区分析结果、受灾范围、应急疏散通道和应急避难场所等内容执行的自动或半自动化。     

活动板房火灾事故的事故树分析

本文运用安全系统工程方法,对彩钢板活动房火灾事故进行了事故树分析,找出了引起火灾事故发生的各个因素,并提出了预防该类事故发生的相应措施。