Emergency response plan for boiler explosion with toxic chemical releases at Nan-Kung industrial park in central Taiwan

A large amount of hazardous materials and equipment has been extensively employed to produce useful chemicals for our daily lives, but many serious accidents, such as fires, explosions, toxic releases, and so on, that harm human beings and impact the environment have occurred during preparation, operation, and transportation of these chemicals. On 17 May 2007, a toxic release from a boiler explosion in a chemical firm triggered a large amount of xylene (7 ton), isopropanol (8 ton), phosphorus trichloride (44.7 ton), and dimethyl formamide (DMF) (1.37 ton) to be released to the atmosphere with total damages of 2000 m² level ground. Through concerted efforts from the Yunlin Emergency Response Information Center (YERIC), sponsored by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) of Taiwan and other government sectors, this accident was eventually well controlled after 37 h with 107 people being involved in the rescue action. This study could be applied to lessen the degree of hazard for relevant accidents with an emergency response plan (ERP), and, via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and photo ionization detector (PID) the toxic concentrations of airborne chemicals that occurred in the industrial area could be analyzed.     

瓦里关大气二氧化碳和甲烷时间变化特征

于2009~2010对瓦里关山大气二氧化碳(CO2)和甲烷(CH4)进行了连续观测.结果表明,瓦里关山夏季频繁受到区域排放的影响,大约17%的CO2浓度标识为污染浓度.2009~2010年CO2平均浓度390.72×10-6,较1995~2008年高17.4×10-6;2009~2010年CH4中位浓度为1851.11×10-9,较2002~2006年高16×10-9,意味着区域内CO2和CH4的排放仍在不断增加.利用遗传算法改进的神经网络模型插补数据获得了完整的空气温度、风速、CO2和CH4浓度时间序列,并对时间序列展开了傅立叶分析.在天时间尺度,由于太阳活动的逐日变化,气象因子、CO2和CH4功率谱在24 h和12 h有着非常明显的谱峰.在月时间尺度,CO2浓度在30 d的周期内有明显的谱隙,意味着气象和物候因素在这个时间尺度上对CO2浓度的影响并不明显.     

太湖草、藻湖区沉积物WSOM组成和分子结构分析

草型湖泊（区）和藻型湖泊（区）是浅水湖泊的两种典型状态,两种湖泊中有机质（OM）的来源和转化存在明显差异.有机质在沉积物上的埋藏是湖泊碳汇功能的重要体现.沉积物中的有机质可能发生后续的转化,影响湖泊碳汇功能;其转化过程与其固有的性质密切相关.目前为止,有关草型和藻型湖泊沉积物中有机质的组成,特别是分子结构差异的信息较少.为此,采集太湖草型湖区（东太湖）和藻型湖区（梅梁湾）沉积物,提取和纯化沉积物中的水溶性有机质（分别记为M-WSOM和A-WSOM）,并采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱、傅立叶红外光谱和傅里叶变换-离子回旋共振-质谱（FT-ICR MS）对WSOM性质组成和分子结构进行详尽的表征与分析.结果表明：①M-WSOM的相对分子质量比A-WSOM的（E₂ ：E₃指标）稍大;FT-ICR MS的数据显示,M-WSOM和A-WSOM的相对分子质量分别为388.9和379.9.②M-WSOM的芳香性略高于A-WSOM的（SUVA₂₅₄和HIX指标）;同样地,FT-ICR MS的结果显示,M-WSOM中稠环芳烃（6.3%,强度加权平均占比,下同）、芳香类物质（7.7%）的含量高于A-WSOM （分别为1.1%和4.4%）;③荧光组分结果表明A-WSOM中类蛋白质组分的含量大于M-WSOM;FT-ICR MS的结果与之对应,A-WSOM的多肽含量（35.5%）高于M-WSOM的（15.6%）;④质谱数据显示了高分辨的分子信息：M-WSOM和A-WSOM中,沉积物中含杂原子的分子分别占82.9%和91.7%;其中含氮元素的分子占比高达53.5%和78.5%;含磷元素分子占30.4%和41.4%,M-WSOM磷元素主要分布在脂肪烃和高度不饱和低氧物质中,而A-WSOM则主要分布在多肽中.揭示了浅水湖泊两种典型状态沉积物OM的组成和分子结构;有助于研究湖泊沉积物的温室气体排放,及碳、氮、磷元素的生物地球化学过程.     

路面不平度时域模型模拟方法研究

路面不平度是引起汽车系统振动的重要激励,路面不平度时域模型是研究公路运输平顺性的基础。本文根据国标GB/T 7031-2005中对路面不平的相关规定,研究讨论了路面不平度时域模型模拟常见的傅里叶逆变换法、谐波叠加法、滤波白噪声方法,对三种方法进行简单对比,并给出相应的实用范围。     

土壤中挥发性有机污染物现场快速监测技术应用进展

在总结我国突发性环境事故发生现状的基础上,提出了我国环境现场快速监测工作缺少规范化管理,以及标准监测技术方法不完善等问题。探讨了土壤中挥发性有机污染物快速监测技术的研究进展,重点讨论了检测管,手持式气体检测器,便携式气相色谱(配置光离子化检测器、氢火焰离子化检测器或串/并联检测器)及便携式气相色谱-质谱等技术在快速检测土壤中挥发性有机污染物方面的性能特点与应用情况,并对我国建立土壤中挥发性有机污染物现场快速监测标准方法提出了建议。     

The utility of earth observation technologies in understanding impacts of land reform in the eastern region of Zimbabwe

Land tenure and land policies influence the spatial variations of land use/cover (LULC) at any given time or place. Thus, it is important to evaluate the role of land tenure policies on land cover changes. In this study, we evaluate the utility of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images in understanding the impacts of the 2000 fast track land reform (FTLR) policy on LULC in the eastern region, Zimbabwe. Landsat images for the year 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2011 were classified using traditional image classification techniques (i.e. the maximum likelihood (ML) classifier) in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. Results indicate that forested areas drastically decreased by approx. 30% between the year 2000 and 2005 (during and after the FTLR), while croplands marginally increased by (approx. 30%) the results further showed that slight increase in bare lands (degraded lands) and disturbed lands. The observed LULC changes after FTLR were mostly induced by human activities resulting from changes in land tenure. Overall, the findings of this study underscores the importance of remotely sensed data in assessing the impact of FTLR on forest resources for purposes of informed and sustainable forest management.     

Structures and catalytic performances of Me/SAPO-34 (Me = Mn, Ni, Co) catalysts for low-tem perature SCR of NOx by ammonia

Me/SAPO-34 (Me = Mn, Ni, Co) series of catalysts were prepared by a wetness impregnation method and investigated for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia (NH₃-SCR). Among them, Mn/SAPO-34 catalyst was found as the most promising candidate based on its superior low-temperature activity. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy images (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature programmed reduction and desorption (TPR and TPD), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transformed spectroscopy (DRIFTS) of NH₃/NO_x adsorption. Mn/SAPO-34 is obviously different from Ni/SAPO-34 and Co/SAPO-34 in the active species state and distribution. Surface MnO_x species which play an essential role in NO oxidation and NO₂ adsorption, act as better active sites than nickel and cobalt mostly in the form of the aluminates and silicates.     

杭钢电炉厂除尘器改造探索

分析了杭钢电炉厂除尘器运行中出现的问题,对原设计进行了改造,并达到了改造效果。     

沧炼曝气池串联改造的应用

论述了沧炼曝气池由原来的并联运行改造为串联运行的原理，特点，并经过运行证明，改造后的曝气池运行方式更加灵活，且其耐冲击能力，处理效果等有较大幅度的提高。     

隧道掘进爆破振动对围岩影响的HHT分析

为了探究隧道掘进爆破振动信号在围岩等级改变处的传播衰减特性,以新建铁路北京至沈阳客运专线（辽宁段）TJ-1标三棱山隧道为工程背景,采用理论分析与现场试验相结合的方法,基于TC-4850监测试验数据,对爆破质点振速时程曲线进行EMD分解和Hilbert变换。依据测点3个方向的边际谱和瞬时能量谱,分析爆破振动能量在时域和频域的分布规律,进而可以得出各频带的能量百分比以及总能量与距离的关系曲线。通过分析地震波信号沿隧道围岩传播衰减性质可以得出:爆破振动能量在频域上分布具有各向异性,而且在垂直方向上具有数量比例高、所占频带低的特点;隧道掘进爆破振动总能量在围岩等级改变处出现“断崖式”衰减,且在Ⅳ级围岩中相对衰减率更高,衰减更为迅速。