建筑火灾模拟模型设计

数值模拟是火灾科学研究中的一种重要方法。本文描述了建筑火灾模拟模型的建模思想和方法，该思想可用于研究建筑火灾过程规律、新的火灾安全方案或策略的工作效果和经济性分析，模拟模型可以给系统性能和火灾防治经济性以定量说明。并对在建模中存在的问题进行了探讨．     

火灾烟气伤害机理和伤害模型

建筑物发生火灾时，燃烧产生的烟气对人构成主要威胁。本文分析火灾烟气的伤害机理，提出烟气伤害指数概念及其计算方法，探讨它在材料防火性能评价和建筑物火灾安全评价方面的应用可能性。     

A hierarchical,multi-scale,management-responsive model of Mediterranean vegetation dynamics

Ecosystems of the Mediterranean basin are characterized by a heterogeneous and dynamic landscape mosaic of vegetation formations. This landscape has been shaped over millenia by disturbances associated with agropastoral land use: clearing, grazing and burning, and by regeneration processes of the natural woody vegetation. The ability to predict the effects of management decisions on the structure and composition of the vegetation is essential for present and future land management. To improve this ability we developed a hierarchical multi-scale, management-responsive model of vegetation dynamics.     

香港消防性能化设计的简略介绍

介绍了香港在消防工种领域性能化设计的应用和发展。简单地阐述了国际上的消防工程性能化设计的发展。概述目前的性能化设计现状并给出经验总结。     

混凝土结构火灾损伤检测技术研究

对混凝土在火灾条件下的热像平均温升、抗压强度、超声波速和损伤深度进行了检测,获得了混凝土热像平均温升、抗压强度、超声波速和损伤深度随着温度变化的规律,并对影响混凝土热像平均温升和超声波速的因素进行了分析,为混凝土结构火灾损伤程度的现场检测提供了一种科学的技术方法。     

局部火灾条件下某钢结构屋架的抗火保护研究

本文针对局部火灾条件下钢结构屋架的防火保护问题,结合典型案例提出了一种基于性能计算分析的抗火保护设计评估分析方法.首先通过火灾场景分析及烟气运动模拟计算,得到钢结构屋架所处的热环境,再计算各构件在不同保护条件下的温升及应力分布,并判断构件及结构在不同的保护方式下是否失效,最后得到经济合理的保护区域和防火涂层厚度.该方法可以为类似的局部火灾条件下钢结构抗火保护提供参考.     

A spatially explicit model to predict future landscape composition of aspen woodlands under various management scenarios

Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) is declining across the western United States. Aspen habitats are among the most diverse plant communities in this region and loss of these habitats can result in shifts in biodiversity, productivity, and hydrology across a range of spatial scales. Western aspen occurs on the majority of sites seral to conifer species, and long-term maintenance of these aspen woodlands requires periodic fire. Over the past century, fire intervals, extents, and intensities have been insufficient to regenerate aspen stands at historic rates; however the effects of various fire regimes and management scenarios on aspen vegetation dynamics at broad spatial and temporal scales are unexplored. Here we use field data, remotely sensed data, and fire atlas information to develop a spatially explicit landscape simulation model to assess the effects of current and historic wildfire regimes and prescribed burning programs on landscape vegetation composition across two mountain ranges in the Owyhee Plateau, Idaho. Model outputs depict the future structural makeup and species composition of the landscape at selected time steps under simulated management scenarios. We found that under current fire regimes and in the absence of management activities, loss of seral aspen stands will continue to occur over the next two centuries. However, a return to historic fire regimes (burning 12–14% of the modeled landscape per decade) would maintain the majority of aspen stands in early and mid seral woodland stages and minimizes the loss of aspen. A fire rotation of 70–80 years was estimated for the historic fire regime while the current fire regime resulted in a fire rotation of 340–450 years, underscoring the fact that fire is currently lacking in the system. Implementation of prescribed burning programs, treating aspen and young conifer woodlands according to historic fire occurrence probabilities, are predicted to prevent conifer dominance and loss of aspen stands.     

多孔填充材料的防火防爆机理及应用

在液化气体、燃料储罐内填充多孔材料,可有效地减少或避免储罐发生爆炸事故.本文分析了这类材料的防爆机理并简要介绍了其应用情况.     

运动受限空间内火灾研究的现状与展望

从火灾科学基础研究的角度 ,提出了运动受限空间内火灾的概念。继而阐述了三种典型运动受限空间 (即运动着的航天舱、船舶、车辆 )内火灾研究的现状 ,并对未来运动受限空间内火灾的研究作了展望。还探讨了我国当前应开展的工作。     

Quantitative risk analysis of fire and explosion on the top-side LNG-liquefaction process of LNG-FPSO

Since the massive use and production of fuel oil and natural gas, the excavating locations of buried energy-carrying material are moving further away from onshore, eventually requiring floating production systems like floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO). Among those platforms, LNG-FPSO will play a leading role to satisfy the global demands for the natural gas in near future; the LNG-FPSO system is designed to deal with all the LNG processing activities, near the gas field. However, even a single disaster on an offshore plant would put the whole business into danger. In this research, the risk of fire and explosion in the LNG-FPSO is assessed by quantitative risk analysis, including frequency and consequence analyses, focusing on the LNG liquefaction process (DMR cycle). The consequence analysis is modeled by using a popular analysis tool PHAST. To assess the risk of this system, 5 release model scenarios are set for the LNG and refrigerant leakages from valves, selected as the most probable scenarios causing fire and explosion. From the results, it is found that the introduction of additional protection methods to reduce the effect of fire and explosion under ALARP criteria is not required, and two cases of the selection of independent protection layers are recommended to meet the SIL level of failure rate for safer design and operation in the offshore environment.