木质类人造板材炭化痕迹实验及数值重构研究

利用锥形量热仪测定不同辐射热通量和不同燃烧时间下木质类人造板材的炭化深度,建立木质类人造板材炭化痕迹的数学模型,并嵌入到FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)源程序中,与自身功能相结合,实现重构木质类人造板材炭化痕迹的功能。同时实验研究了不同油盘尺寸、不同燃烧时间、不同火源位置和不同材料种类对炭化痕迹的影响,并利用新编译的FDS程序对实验进行重构,对比重构结果和实验结果,证明该程序可以用于重现木质类人造板材的炭化痕迹。     

籽棉和皮棉阴燃特性的对比实验研究

分别对具有相同尺寸、相同质量的籽棉和皮棉进行阴燃实验并对实验结果进行对比分析,得到在无外部辐射热源的自然条件下,发生阴燃时皮棉的温升速率较大、阴燃最高温度较高、阴燃前期600s内的CO生成速率和质量流量较大,但籽棉的阴燃时间较长,约为皮棉阴燃时间的4倍;同时将阴燃分为三个阶段,在阴燃的缓慢发展阶段和衰减阶段,籽棉阴燃的火灾危险性较大,在快速发展阶段,皮棉阴燃的火灾危险性较大。     

火灾下匀质防火保护钢构件温度计算(I)：理论与公式

介绍了火灾下有匀质防火层保护的钢构件温度计算的一维传热模型。给出了求解该模型的相关边界条件和假定,并给出求解该一维传热模型在不同边界条件下的解。通过分析三种典型防火材料保护下、截面系数不同的三种截面的升温,比较了由我国规范CECS200、欧洲规范、欧钢协标准、美国规范及其他学者推荐的方法得到的结果,并对照有限元结果,考察了不同计算方法的有效性。结果表明,CECS200与国外规范给出的结果符合良好且略微偏高。通过计算典型截面在不同耐火极限要求下的最小保护层厚度,比较了各国规范的设计结果。结果显示,由不同规范推荐的公式计算得到的最小保护层厚度相差不大。CECS200计算的最小保护层厚度与国外规范一致,与欧洲规范得到的结果基本相同。研究表明,在标准火灾环境中我国规范给出的方法合理有效且形式简单便于工程运用。     

Surface water treatment benefits from the presence of algae: Influence of algae on the coagulation behavior of polytitanium chloride

• Emerging titanium coagulation was high-efficient for algae-laden water treatment. • Polytitanium coagulation was capable for both algae and organic matter removal. • Surface water purification was improved by around 30% due to algae inclusion. • Algae functioned as flocculant aid to assist polytitanium coagulation. • Algae could enhance charge neutralization capability of polytitanium coagulant. Titanium-based coagulation has proved to be effective for algae-laden micro-polluted water purification processes. However, the influence of algae inclusion in surface water treatment by titanium coagulation is barely reported. This study reports the influence of both Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis wesenbergii in surface water during polytitanium coagulation. Jar tests were performed to evaluate coagulation performance using both algae-free (controlled) and algae-laden water samples, and floc properties were studied using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer for online monitoring. Results show that polytitanium coagulation can be highly effective in algae separation, removing up to 98% from surface water. Additionally, the presence of algae enhanced organic matter removal by up to 30% compared to controlled water containing only organic matter. Polytitanium coagulation achieved significant removal of fluorescent organic materials and organic matter with a wide range of molecular weight distribution (693–4945 Da) even in the presence of algae species in surface water. The presence of algae cells and/or algal organic matter is likely to function as an additional coagulant or flocculation aid, assisting polytitanium coagulation through adsorption and bridging effects. Although the dominant coagulation mechanisms with polytitanium coagulant were influenced by the coagulant dosage and initial solution pH, algae species in surface water could enhance the charge neutralization capability of the polytitanium coagulant. Algae-rich flocs were also more prone to breakage with strength factors approximately 10% lower than those of algae-free flocs. Loose structure of the flocs will require careful handling of the flocs during coagulation-sedimentation-filtration processes.     

古商业街木结构建筑防火间距的数值模拟研究

古商业街木结构建筑较多,防火间距先天不足,发生火灾后蔓延迅速,有必要开展木结构建筑引燃特性研究以获得合理的防火间距设置参数.以古商业街为研究对象,以临界温度和热辐射强度作为着火建筑对面木结构建筑被引燃的判定指标,综合考虑环境风速、建筑间距、火源功率、喷淋系统等因素,运用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS分析系列火灾场景下的温度和...