全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8106篇 |
免费 | 568篇 |
国内免费 | 270篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 1617篇 |
废物处理 | 139篇 |
环保管理 | 3069篇 |
综合类 | 2126篇 |
基础理论 | 809篇 |
环境理论 | 10篇 |
污染及防治 | 214篇 |
评价与监测 | 334篇 |
社会与环境 | 345篇 |
灾害及防治 | 281篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 85篇 |
2022年 | 112篇 |
2021年 | 179篇 |
2020年 | 243篇 |
2019年 | 190篇 |
2018年 | 166篇 |
2017年 | 219篇 |
2016年 | 307篇 |
2015年 | 253篇 |
2014年 | 316篇 |
2013年 | 456篇 |
2012年 | 449篇 |
2011年 | 575篇 |
2010年 | 385篇 |
2009年 | 494篇 |
2008年 | 365篇 |
2007年 | 473篇 |
2006年 | 469篇 |
2005年 | 361篇 |
2004年 | 392篇 |
2003年 | 296篇 |
2002年 | 279篇 |
2001年 | 271篇 |
2000年 | 271篇 |
1999年 | 206篇 |
1998年 | 133篇 |
1997年 | 135篇 |
1996年 | 110篇 |
1995年 | 105篇 |
1994年 | 49篇 |
1993年 | 62篇 |
1992年 | 57篇 |
1991年 | 47篇 |
1990年 | 33篇 |
1989年 | 27篇 |
1988年 | 34篇 |
1987年 | 33篇 |
1986年 | 27篇 |
1985年 | 23篇 |
1984年 | 28篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 22篇 |
1981年 | 18篇 |
1980年 | 24篇 |
1979年 | 33篇 |
1978年 | 21篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
1973年 | 14篇 |
1972年 | 16篇 |
1971年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有8944条查询结果,搜索用时 484 毫秒
641.
中国自然保护区可持续管理模式探讨——伦敦自然保护区管理模式借鉴 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,世界各地自然保护区迅速发展,如何有效持续地管理这些自然保护区成为一个重要的问题。文章分析了我国自然保护区现有管理模式的特点与存在的问题,简要介绍了伦敦自然保护区的管理模式现状,根据我国的实际情况,笔者认为中国的自然保护区应采用强制式和完全参与合作式相结合的管理模式,并提出了几点管理模式的改革建议。 相似文献
642.
In this study, an interval-fuzzy two-stage chance-constrained integer programming (IFTCIP) method is developed for supporting
environmental management under uncertainty. The IFTCIP improves upon the existing interval, fuzzy, and two-stage programming
approaches by allowing uncertainties expressed as probability distributions, fuzzy sets, and discrete intervals to be directly
incorporated within a general mixed integer linear programming framework. It has advantages in uncertainty reflection, policy
investigation, risk assessment, and capacity-expansion analysis in comparison to the other optimization methods. Moreover,
it can help examine the risk of violating system constraints and the associated consequences. The developed method is applied
to the planning for facility expansion and waste-flow allocation within a municipal solid waste management system. Violations
of capacity constraints are allowed under a range of significance levels, which reflects tradeoffs between the system cost
and the constraint-violation risk. The results indicate that reasonable solutions for both binary and continuous variables
have been generated under different risk levels. They are useful for generating desired decision alternatives with minimized
system cost and constraint-violation risk under various environmental, economic, and system-reliability conditions. Generally,
willingness to take a higher risk of constraint violation will guarantee a lower system cost; a strong desire to acquire a
lower risk will run into a higher system cost. 相似文献
643.
Managing the integrity of tailings infrastructure is an important aspect of handling mine tailings. Unfortunately, little
research is directed towards its efficient modeling. This paper presents salient aspects of tailings management. It proposes
an integrated geographic information systems (GIS)-based conceptual model for efficient handling of these aspects. The paper
also discusses the various integrated modules and comments on the systematic implementation of the model to achieve desired
results. The modules include: structural integrity management (SIM), release impact assessment (RIA), and hazardous risk assessment
and control (HRAC). 相似文献
644.
区域环境风险评估研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
简述了区域环境风险及区域环境风险评估的内涵,以及国内外区域环境风险评估研究发展进程及现状,指出了现阶段区域环境风险评估存在的问题,提出应重点开展区域环境风险发生机理、定量表征区域环境风险方法等研究的展望。 相似文献
645.
近年来,环境监测能力建设项目资金投入不断加大,项目规模增长迅速,实施任务日益繁重,项目绩效考核要求越来越高,但项目管理还处于比较粗放的状态。在分析环境监测能力建设项目管理现状和需求的基础上,提出通过转变项目管理模式、强化信息支撑手段、完善制度建设、培养管理人才等多种手段,提高项目管理的科学性和时效性,实现重点项目管理的精细化、科学化和规范化。 相似文献
646.
R. Janikowski R. Kucharski A. Sas-Nowosielska 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,60(1):89-102
Errors in environmental resource management over the years have created pollution problems in some areas which are difficult to handle, regardless of the development of knowledge and technologies. This is particularly true in the case of soil pollution. The negative effects of persistent pollutants have been observed for a long time. For instance, lead and cadmium remain in the soil for centuries, during which time they are absorbed by plants and simultaneously cause secondary air pollution. The authors made an attempt to describe and assess the possible options of dealing with the problem of contaminated land in Katowice District. Considering the necessity of a multilateral approach, a pairwise comparison technique has been chosen as the most suitable to show the complexity of the problem. The different variants of actions aimed at preventing the pollutants from getting into the food chain were analyzed against a set of criteria, consisting of the following issues: time, cost, effectiveness, social acceptance, feasibility. The relative importance of actions were judged by the team of experts using the Saaty method. Also, a two-perspective assessment (the two different stakeholders), which involves considering the perspective of an owner of a piece of contaminated land and an ecologist has been performed. The results of comparative, multicriteria and multi-perspective assessment indicate the following:- the best method for contaminated agricultural land management is willful and controlled cultivation,- other recommended actions are deep ploughing and phytoremediation,- there is not much acceptance for the other methods. 相似文献
647.
历经3年的第一次全国污染源普查现已基本结束。此次污染源普查中获得了大量珍贵的污染源基础性数据,合理开发这些数据,对提高环境监察、项目审批、污染源治理及减排等工作,对加强环境管理有着不可估量的作用。结合唐山市的环境管理工作,阐述了利用普查成果,可对唐山市环境保护工作的开展起到积极的促进作用。 相似文献
648.
649.
650.