丽江垃圾填埋场地质环境影响因素及适宜性评价

丽江是滇西北一座生动而非凡的名城,它集世界文化遗产、世界自然遗产、世界记忆遗产三项桂冠于一体,是＂茶马古道重镇＂,＂南方丝绸之路＂要塞,特色鲜明,开发投资潜力无穷。生活垃圾卫生填埋场的选址涉及多方面因素,该文通过对丽江市生活垃圾填埋的历史与现状、填埋量、填埋场分布等状况的分析,用层次分析法对正在使用填埋场进行适宜性评价,文章分析了导致污染的主要环境地质问题,对已污染填埋场的治理和未来填埋场的选址具有指导意义。     

Collateral benefits and hidden hazards of soil arsenic during abatement assessment of residential lead hazards

Abatement of soil-lead hazards may also reduce human exposure to other soil toxins, thereby achieving significant collateral benefits that are not accounted for today. This proposition was tested with the specific case of soil-arsenic, where 1726 residential soil samples were collected and analyzed for lead and arsenic. The study found that these two toxins coexisted in most samples, but their concentrations were weakly correlated, reflecting the differing sources for each toxin. Collateral benefits of 9% would be achieved during abatement of the lead-contaminated soils having elevated arsenic concentrations. However, a hidden hazard of 16% was observed by overlooking elevated arsenic concentrations in soils having lead concentrations not requiring abatement. This study recommends that soil samples collected under HUD programs should be collected from areas of lead and arsenic deposition and tested for arsenic as well as lead, and that soil abatement decisions consider soil-arsenic as well as soil-lead guidelines.     

模拟成藏地质填埋及诱导填埋有机质生气的理论初探

填埋处理和垃圾生物气的开发利用是实现城市生活垃圾资源化、无害化、减量化处理的有效途径,引入模拟生物气成藏和含气系统的思路,开展地质填埋与诱导填埋有机质生气研究是对能源地质学和填埋设计理念的新探索.通过对比研究地质填埋结构与地质学中生物气藏系统的异同点、生气机理和影响因素的共性与差异,初步论证了将模拟生物气藏理论引入地质填埋设计、优化地质填埋结构、提高填埋有机质生物气化效率和抽排利用效率的可行性;探讨了生物气藏理论在构建地质填埋结构中的可能应用和启示.研究表明:模拟生物气藏地质填埋设计和非常规生物气开发理念具有理论依据和现实基础;生物气藏生、储、盖要素和运、圈、保过程的模拟可应用于垃圾地质填埋场的构建,微生物地球化学理论有助于对诱导填埋有机质生气条件优化的认识.     

环境内分泌干扰物的评价方法及其生物检测技术

由于化学分析设备与技术的不断提高,大量的有机化学物质不断地从环境介质和食品中被检出。尽管这些物质的浓度很低,但是毒理学的研究表明,一些环境内分泌干扰物质(Environmental Endocrine Disruptors,EDCs)在很低浓度就能导致生物健康负效应。如何在种类众多的环境化学物质,以及在成分复杂的环境提取物中识别具有低剂量效应的有害物质并加以管理十分重要。本文以EDCs为对象,结合近几年来的文献,综述了其可能造成的危害,重点分析了EDCs的作用机制、筛选评估方法及生物检测技术,旨在为今后环境有害物质的筛选与风险识别研究提供借鉴。     

The Chinese western development initiative: new opportunities for mineral investment

The Western Development Initiative (WDI), launched in 2000 by the Chinese Government, will greatly change the modes and improve the quality of life of the 355 million people living in the western region of China. This paper presents a panoramic picture of the mineral industries under the framework of the WDI. First, it gives an overview of the WDI, including a summary of the favorable and unfavorable conditions for the WDI, the objectives, priorities and key geographical areas for the WDI and the national policies and measures for implementing the WDI. Second, it describes the roles of the mineral industries in the WDI. Finally, it details the policies and actions of the Chinese Government on the exploration and development of mineral resources in the western region in support of the WDI.     

辽宁的地质灾害

本文系统介绍了辽宁的地震、泥石流、滑坡和塌陷等地质灾害,并对城市地质灾害作了专门的论述。归结起来,辽宁的地质灾害有分布面广、类型多、灾害频繁和破环性大等特点。     

Historical and Geological Evidence for Seismic Origin of Newly Recognized Landslides in Southeastern Sicily, and Its Significance inTerms of Hazard

Old, large, and dormant landslides were unexpectedly found in southeastern Sicily, a territory of known seismicity but commonly considered as landslide-free or almost so. Purposely undertaken investigations revealed that: (1) these landslides are scarcely compatible with the local geoclimatic environment; (2) they usually show low-angle basal shear surfaces, despite the fact that the properties of the forming material are generally good; (3) they fulfill the known relationships between earthquake magnitude and epicenter–landslide distance; (4) sources coeval with high-energy historical earthquakes occurred in 1169, 1542 and 1693 testify to the occurrence of earthquake-triggered landsliding; and (5) documentary material (presented here for the first time) correlates with certainty a specific landslide to the 1693 earthquake. This geological and historical evidence, accompanied by the absence of contrasting elements, leads us to conclude that these landslides are earthquake-triggered. Because of their typological and geometrical characteristics, nearly all landslides can be reactivated, which has serious implications in terms of hazard, particularly with respect to lines of communication. Obviously, every action aimed at preventing or mitigating risks must start from the awareness of the causative processes, a condition substantially unsatisfied at the moment in SE Sicily. The paper concludes by emphasizing the opportunity not to trust excessively beliefs that, although shared, have never been really checked.     

我国荒漠化灾害综述

我国荒漠化灾害十分严重,每年仅风蚀荒漠化损失土地2460km2。荒漠化蚕食可利用土地,减少生物生产量和生物多样性,破坏工矿和水利设施及农牧业生产,污染环境,制约地区经济发展,导致人民生活贫困。荒漠化每年造成经济损失540多亿元,防治荒漠化刻不容缓。     

地质灾害问题的数据本构分析意义

本文结合上海市地面沉降和西安市地裂灾害问题,阐述了数据本构分析研究地质灾害问题的方法、步骤及意义。     

“岩组—层序”填图方法探讨与实践

本文介绍了宣风图组 1:5万区调为将层序地层研究成果用于填图而形成的以岩石、年代、层序为主的多重地层划分研究及“岩组—层序”填图方法。实践证明这种方法比单纯的岩石地层单位填图具有一定的优越性 ,表现在研究程度和制图水平显著提高 ,地质图具有岩石、层序双重含义 ,为海平面升降、全球对比、盆地充填等重大地质基础问题及地质找矿和成矿预测提供了更多更广的地质信息