灾害保险在灾害防御中的作用：以江苏省自然灾害为例

本文以江苏省的自然灾害为例,阐述了灾害保险在减轻自然灾害损失中的作用,提出在经济发达地区,灾害保险应作为灾害防御对策中的重要方面。     

爆炸灾害的预防和控制乃当务之急

我国爆炸事故近年来屡屡发生，灾害严重，损失巨大。爆炸灾害的预防与控制己是当务之急。当前的主要研究内容，有各种工业粉尘爆炸、气液贮罐爆炸、工业生产中的静电灾害、各种爆炸灾害的实验观测和监控技术、防护与控制技术、模拟与仿真技术、易燃易爆物的危险性评估和系统安全性分析、燃烧转爆炸机理和热爆炸（热自燃）机理等方面。简略介绍了爆炸灾害预防、控制国家重点实验室的筹建工作，希望得到同行专家的指导和帮助，并开展合作研究。     

论地质条件对滑坡发育的影响：以云南昭通地区为例

本文以云南昭通地区为例,探讨了地质条件对滑坡发育的影响。并运用灰色系统理论的关联度分析方法进行了分析和计算。     

The environmental dimension of national security: A test of systems analysis methods

The systems approach permits us to analyze national security as a cluster of interconnected elements, in which the environmental dimension appears to be the most important one. The environmental problem is divided into two main aspects: environmental security per se and the impact of environment on the overall status of a nation's security. It is argued here that the quality of life and health serve as both the main objective and the principal criterion of environmental security in a social system. Indices of these two factors are used in this article as indicators of the state of this type of security. They confirm that vast areas of Russia, the Ukraine, and Central Asia (especially the Aral Sea region) should be considered as presenting a substantial risk to local people and even producing global impacts on both natural and man-made systems. Environmental factors that destabilize national security are also divided into two groups: those that impact social systems directly and negatively (mainly natural disasters) and technological and sociopolitical agents that cause indirect impacts, in both war and peace time, as well as in the civil and military sectors of the economy. Developments in the former Soviet Union (the Commonwealth of Independent States) are used as an illustration of the consequences that such impacts may have on the status of national security.     

铁路工程建设可持续发展战略的研究

提出了铁路建设走可持续发展之路，论证了铁路工程建设、环境与地质灾害三者的相互关系，阐述了在铁路工程建设的各个环节树立环境保护和防灾减灾的重要性。     

民国初年灾荒史研究综述

自民国迄今,一些政治家、思想家及学者分别从自然科学角度和社会历史角度对民国初年灾荒史予以诠释,依时间而言主要集中于20世纪80年代以后,依内容而言又呈现出一种多元化的态势。其间,虽然取得了一定的成就,诸如积累了一些资料、研究内容多样化等,但仍存在着一些不足。     

矿区开采沉陷地质灾害与防治对策研究

分析了开采沉陷地质灾害的成因，着重研究了开采沉陷地质灾害的危害状况，最后提出了应积极进行开采沉陷监测预报、综合采用减轻地表沉降技术、全面治理塌陷区域环境灾害等综合防治对策。     

Landfill gas - a potential environmental hazard

Methane derived from the decomposition of organic material contained within a landfill may escape beyond the site boundary where it can pose an explosion or fire hazard. Methods are described to prevent die occurrence of such lateral gas migration. Problems due to the accumulation of gas in buildings, erected on landfill sites, have occurred and techniques are now available to overcome these at some sites. However, it is recognized that at other sites, redevelopment should not be allowed to take place on die grounds of safety.     

Best policy response to environmental shocks: Applying a stochastic framework

The paper develops a general framework for the analysis of environmental shocks in growing economies. Endogenous capital investments allow identifying the dual role of capital as a buffer against shocks and a source of pollution. We study the effects of recurring natural disasters on optimal growth and efficient environmental policies. Emissions may cause continuous fluctuations, entail discrete and recurring jumps, or trigger so-called “tipping points” with large costs to the economy. Closed-form solutions are provided for all the model variants. We discuss possible applications in environmental economics and identify current research gaps.     

1961—2010年新疆生长季节指数时空变化特征及其农业响应

在定义生长季节长度(GSL)、生长季节开始时间(LSF)以及生长季节结束时间(FFF)三个生长季节指数的基础上,采用模糊聚类、稳健回归及Mann-Kendall非参数检验等方法分析新疆1961—2010年生长季节指数时空变化特征,并针对作物生长季节指数变化对区域农业生产的影响进行了深入探讨。结果表明:新疆20世纪90年代中期,GSL变化幅度很大,低纬地区生长季节受低温影响较小,而随纬度上升,中高纬地区生长季节受低温影响越大。生长季节长度的变化与秋季低温(生长季节结束时间)变化情况紧密相连,全疆生长季节长度在80%的保证率下,较多年平均生长季节长度缩短5~14 d。生长季节长度的延长,会导致净初级生产力以及年蒸散发总量上升,继而影响水文、生态系统以及生物地球化学过程。