巨灾风险评估模型的发展与研究

巨灾已经成为全球经济损失的重要原因之一。近20年来,巨灾频繁发生,造成了重大的人员伤亡和财产损失,巨灾的发生甚至可能造成国家政治经济的不稳定。因此如何进行巨灾风险管理并减轻巨灾事件发生后所造成的损害,便成为一个相当重要的研究课题。巨灾风险评估模型作为应对巨灾风险最为有效的分析工具,近20年来得到了长足的发展,同时巨灾模型已成为巨灾保险设立的根本依据。对巨灾模型的发展与模型构架进行了综述,并结合我国的实际情况提出了一些建议。     

浅谈中国特种设备检验机构风险规避制度

探讨检验机构、政府、企业三方的利益关系,以及检验机构如何规避风险成为政府当前关心的问题。从事业单位改革的角度来看,检验机构分为三类,通过价值链条表现为检验机构、政府、企业三方的利益关系既有一体的成分,也有独立的成分。建立以检验机构相互保险为立场的公营保险是一种可能的检验机构风险规避制度。     

农业保险与可持续农业发展

农业保险的发展，对保障农业再生产的顺利进行，推动农业可持续的发展具有重要的理论意义和深远的现实意义。文章首先分析了可持续农业与农业保险的内在联系，指出农业保险可以为可持续农业发展保驾护航。接着分析了我国当前农业保险和可持续农业存在的主要问题，并将这些问题归结为来自行为主体，即政府、农民、商业企业三方面的原因。最后提出了发展我国农业保险，促进可持续农业发展的对策建议。     

震灾保险的一种实用技术途径及其实施保障

本文提出一种独特的实用型震灾保险模式,通过烈度当量折合费率(CRPIE)的实时判定及延时承保机制(DIAM)的有效运行,对投保与灾后理赔进行科学、客观的动态调制,促成自然科学与社会科学的有机结合,从而可能使震灾保险所面临的一些难题得以解决,文中还从软科学的角度提出了对上述震灾保险新机制的实施保障。     

Reducing the complexity of the flood vulnerability index

After the flooding in 2002 European governments provided billions of Euros of financial assistance to their citizens. Although there is no doubt that solidarity and some sort of assistance are reasonable, the question arises why these damages were not sufficiently insured. One explanation why individuals reject to obtain insurance cover against natural hazards is that they anticipate governmental and private aid. This problem became to be known as “charity hazard”. The present paper gives an economic analysis of the institutional arrangements on the market for natural disaster insurances focusing on imperfections caused by governmental financial relief. It provides a theoretical explanation why charity hazard is a problem on the market for natural disaster insurances, in the way that it acts as an obstacle for the proper diffusion and therefore the establishment of natural hazard insurances. This paper provides a review of the scientific discussion on charity hazard, provides a theoretical analysis and points out the existing empirical problems regarding this issue.     

Stimulating flood damage mitigation through insurance: an assessment of the French CatNat system

Flood risk has increased in France in the last 20 years and is projected to increase further in the future due to climate change and increase in exposure. Since 1982, France has had a natural disasters insurance system (‘CatNat’) in place that covers flood damage. This insurance system has been combined with what are called ‘Risk Prevention Plans’ (PPRs) in order to stimulate the undertaking of flood risk mitigation measures by communities and households. However, these schemes do not provide optimal incentives for flood damage reduction. This is confirmed by the results from a survey about flood preparedness of 885 households who live in flood-prone areas in France, which are presented in this paper. Moreover, this study provides suggestions for improvement, which are assessed on their potential economic, social and political implications. Among these suggestions are increasing the effectiveness of PPRs and increasing the incentives to apply and implement PPRs; improving the monitoring of the implementation of damage mitigation measures; and the possibility to differentiate premiums and deductibles according to flood risk.     

我国农业政策性保险发展策略研究

当前我国需要完善农业政策性保险政策体系,加大各项政策的补贴力度,通过完善农业保险法律体系,建立专门管理机构,促进农业政策性保险政策顺利实施,保证农业健康稳定发展。     

土木建筑施工班组安全生产管理模式创新

在分析我国安全生产监督管理机制和土木建筑施工项目安全生产管理模式基础上,结合土木建筑行业安全生产过程特点,指出土木建筑行业必须发挥班组的重要作用。借鉴煤炭、电力等行业平安班组建设经验,建议了以联保、互保制度为核心的土木建筑施工作业班组模式。实践表明,尽管土木建筑施工班组稳定性差,但平安班组建设促进了班组人员安全意识的提高,班组人员发现、排解安全风险能力增强,促进了工程建设安全生产。     

污水再生利用微生物控制标准及其制定方法探讨

污水再生利用的关键是水质安全保障和风险控制.微生物风险是再生水安全利用过程中需要优先控制的重要问题.本文系统探讨了我国现行污水再生利用标准中的病原微生物控制要求,分析了基于病原微生物指示指标浓度控制的必要性与不足,提出了引入微生物去除能力保障控制的必要性,并详细介绍了其制定方法与保障措施.今后,需进一步深入探讨基于浓度控制与保障能力控制相结合的污水再生利用微生物控制方法,以期为我国再生水安全利用提供技术支撑.     

建立工伤保险与事故预防相结合的机制

工伤保险能否与企业的事故预防工作有机结合,直接影响工伤保险效能的发挥及企业参与工伤保险的积极性。通过国内企业工伤保险现状分析,参照国外发达国家的经验,指出国内企业在工伤保险与工伤预防结合上存在的问题,提出了建立工伤保险与事故预防相结合机制的建议,为本地区、本单位工伤保险的推行和完善提供参考。