长江口洋山海域表层沉积物重金属的富积及其潜在生态风险评价

根据长江口洋山海域表层沉积物监测资料，利用变异系数法和富积系数法，对表层沉积物中重金属的空间波动程度及富积程度进行了分析，并采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对其潜在生态危害程度进行了评价。结果表明：在表层沉积物所监测的重金属中，Pb元素的空间波动程度最高，其它重金属元素的空间波动程度较低，各重金属空间波动程度的顺序依次为Pb＞Cd＞Hg＞Cu＞Cr＞As＞Zn；沉积物中Cu元素的富积程度最高，Pb元素次之，其它重金属元素的富积程度较低，各重金属富积程度的顺序依次为Cu＞Pb＞Zn＞As＞Cr＞Cd＞Hg。潜在生态危害评价结果显示：洋山海域表层沉积物中的重金属对海洋生态系统的潜在生态危害较轻微，均属于轻微潜在生态危害程度，其轻微潜在生态危害程度顺序为Cu＞As＞Hg＞Pb＞Cd＞Cr＞Zn。     

Variations in surface functional groups, carbon chemical state and graphitization degree during thermal deactivation of diesel soot particles

The thermal deactivation of diesel soot particles exerts a significant influence on the control strategy for the regeneration of diesel particulate filters (DPFs). This work focused on the changes in the surface functional groups, carbon chemical state, and graphitization degree during thermal treatment in an inert gas environment at intermediate temperatures of 600°C, 800°C, and 1000°C and explore the chemical species that were desorbed from the diesel soot surface during thermal treatment using a thermogravimetric analyser coupled with a gas-chromatograph mass spectrometer (TGA-GC/MS). The surface functional groups and carbon chemical state were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The graphitization degree was evaluated by means of Raman spectroscopy (RS). The concentrations of aliphatic C–H, C–OH, C=O, and O–C=O groups are reduced for diesel soot and carbon black when increasing the thermal treatment temperature, while the sp²/sp³ hybridized ratio and graphitization degree enhance. These results provide comprehensive evidence of the decreased reactivity of soot samples. Among oxygenated functional groups, the percentage reduction during thermal treatment is the largest for the O–C=O groups owing to its worst thermodynamic stability. TGA-GC/MS results show that the aliphatic and aromatic chains and oxygenated species would be desorbed from the soot surface during 1000°C thermal treatment of diesel soot.     

Study on the Comprehensive Tourism Development Pattern in Periphery Minority Area： A Case Study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province, China

The paper took the human-land relations as a basic point, and the theories of tourism industry system and sustainable development as the guidance, with Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture （Gannan） as the case study area. From microcosmic and macroscopic viewpoints, the author carded out function orientation and evaluation to the tourism industry development, and research on the comprehensive tourism industry development pattern of Gannan. Results show that the fragile ecological environment and the traditional economic growth pattern have restricted regional sustainable development, and made Gannan to become a representative of the periphery minority areas in Northwest China. Tourism development of Gannan is at the primary phase, with the characteristics of short industry chain and low economic efficiency. It is an inevitable choice to transform the way of regional economic growth and the development pattern of tourism industry from the traditional pattern to the pattern of sustainable development. Simultaneously, Gannan＇s natural, national and religious culture makes Gannan a broad prospect on the comprehensive tourism development. Gannan should choose the comprehensive tourism industry as its scientific pattern to realize sustainable development, promote harmonious social, economic and ecological development, alleviate the human-land contradictory, and realize dual goals in terms of ecology construction and economical development. For Gannan and the similar areas in China, studies on the sustainable development pattern of tourism have extremely important strategic sense with respect to tourism development and the sustainable development of regional economy.     

平面交叉口交通冲突安全评价失效分析及改进方法研究

在对传统的交通冲突安全评价方法失效原因分析的基础上,提出了交叉口交通冲突安全评价的改进方法,该方法避免了与冲突无关的交通流影响评价结果的现象。与传统方法对交叉口整体评价不同,该方法对交叉口内部的各类交通冲突类型分别进行冲突分析,再运用欧几里德贴近度评价法对交叉口进行综合交通安全评价。该方法能准确地评价交叉口整体安全状况,能分析出交叉口内部的安全问题,是一种实用的城市道路平面交叉口交通安全评价方法。在我国部分城市的城市道路交叉口的交通冲突安全评价应用中取得了良好的效果。     

改进的模糊灰色关联分析法在热舒适度影响因素评定中的应用

针对灰色关联分析中由于比较序列曲线间空间位置不同而引起关联误差,分辨系数取定值不合理,取平均值求关联度影响评价准确性等缺陷,本文采用了线性变换及合理判定分辨系数的方法,确定了改进的关联系数,并结合模糊系统中的贴近度原理,提出了一种改进的灰色关联度求法.采用该方法对影响井下人体热舒适度的因素模糊灰色化后进行了评定分析.实践证明,该方法具有简单、可靠、准确等优点.     

施工承包企业安全成本及其核算的研究

依据施工承包企业安全管理的目标、特点和程序,提出安全成本的概念和构成以及保证性安全成本对损失性安全成本的直接影响.同时,借助施工安全成本与安全度的关系、提高安全技术工作的经济合理性、加速构建施工承包企业安全成本核算制度,优化施工承包企业的安全管理工作,并为提高企业经济效益及社会经济运行的安全度奠定基础.     

矿业城市生态承载力动态分析

鞍山市是我国重要的矿业城市,也是我国最大的钢铁生产基地之一,研究其生态承载力状况并预测其发展趋势,可为鞍山市可持续发展提供决策依据。基于矿业城市独特的生态系统内涵,建立了鞍山市生态承载力评价指标体系,运用熵值理论为基础的综合评判法,评价了"十五"期间鞍山市生态承载力状况,探讨了2010年鞍山市生态承载力变化趋势。结果表明:"十五"期间,鞍山市综合生态承载力处于临界安全状态,整体上呈现增长趋势,但经济压力、资源压力和生态健康等指标发展水平仍较低。生态承载力从超载逐渐转变为盈余状态,系统间协调度不断提高。按照鞍山市总体规划水平预测,2010年鞍山市综合生态承载力达到较安全状态,各指标没有低于临界安全的;生态承载力承载度和协调度进一步提高。运用综合评判法较客观地反映了鞍山市"十五"期间生态承载力状况,并进行了相对可靠的预测,可为其他地区生态承载力研究提供一定的借鉴。     

香烟水溶性提取物对大鼠心肌线粒体的毒性

观察香烟水溶性提取物(CSE)和尼古丁对大鼠心肌线粒体的损伤作用.大鼠心肌线粒体分别与CSE或尼古丁于37℃温孵60min,结果表明,CSE明显降低线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶(COX)活性,呈剂量依赖性.但是ATPase活性不受影响.在线粒体呼吸活性受到抑制的同时,过氧化指标无明显变化.CSE对6.5mmol/L钙离子引起的线粒体肿胀反应具有抑制作用,但可加剧250mmol/L钙离子诱导的线粒体肿胀反应.维生素C对CSE造成的线粒体损伤无保护作用.未见尼古丁对体外大鼠心肌线粒体有毒性.CSE对心肌线粒体的损伤可能是由于它对呼吸酶活性的直接抑制作用而与氧自由基机制无关.尼古丁可能不是CSE损伤大鼠心肌线粒体的毒性成分.     

污染防治对策与环保产业的发展

文章分析了全国污染防治现状后提出发展环保产业的思路。     

雷电灾害潜在与现实易损性分析及区划研究——以黑龙江省为例

提出雷电灾害的潜在易损性和现实易损性概念,利用黑龙江省1959-2008年的雷暴日资料及1999-2008年的雷电灾害资料,结合黑龙江省的经济和人口密度特征,提出了雷暴日数、雷电灾害频度、生命易损模数及经济易损模数作为雷电灾害易损性评估指标。在此基础上,采用4级区分法对各指标进行了分级,并赋予各等级如下定值:极高级为1.0,高级为0.8,中级为0.5,低级为0.2。对黑龙江省各地市4个评估指标的等级值进行加权平均,得到权重平均值作为雷电灾害易损性评估的综合评价指数。最后通过对黑龙江省各地市雷电灾害易损性进行综合评估,形成黑龙江省雷电灾害易损度区划。结果表明:哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔和绥化潜在易损度和现实易损度皆高,综合易损度为极高易损区。伊春、大兴安岭、黑河潜在易损度很高,而现实易损度最低,故综合易损度为高易损区。鹤岗、鸡西潜在易损度较低,现实易损度较高,综合易损度为中易损区;七台河潜在易损度最低,但现实易损度高,综合易损度同样为中易损区。佳木斯、双鸭山、牡丹江潜在易损度和现实易损度皆低,综合易损度为低易损区。