罗江县水库土坝汶川大地震震害调查与分析

5· 12汶川8.0级大地震对德阳市罗江县的水库造成了不同程度的破坏,经济损失严重,若水库出现溃坝现象,将会带来更大的损失.对罗江县19座高危以上险情水库的土坝震害进行了调查研究,发现典型的震害现象包括裂缝、渗漏、防浪墙损坏以及泄水建筑物和附属设施的损毁等.根据水库土坝的震前病害调查资料可以看出:水库土坝在地震前多是带...     

山东苍山MS5.2地震泰安石英倾斜仪异常分析

利用矢量曲线、γ因子等方法识别苍山ＭＳ５．２地震前泰安石英倾斜仪的前兆异常。分析认为：ＳＱ—７０石英倾斜仪反映出一定的地形变异常信息。     

苏15井水位趋势异常特征与江苏中强地震关系初探

在总结井孔水位异常的中长期、短期(临震)、后效不同阶段特征的基础上,提出三项异常指标:1、水位反向,速率(?)≥-20mm/月,V_(max)≥-40mm/月;2、异常幅度,H≥130mm;3、异常时间,T≥3月。井孔的5次水位趋势异常中,与3次江苏省5～6级中强震和1次南京地区3.1级地方震的对应关系较好,映震能力达0.8,不失为单井预测预报中强地震的一种有效方法而具推广价值。     

Post-conflict disaster governance in Nepal: one-door policy,multiple-window practice

The response to the earthquakes in Nepal on 25 April and 12 May 2015 was as overwhelming as the magnitude of the events themselves. Tensions between the humanitarian imperative and the post-conflict state-building agenda soon became evident. Many actors offered support by creatively complying with the state's approach, whereas others bypassed official channels completely. In post-conflict settings such as Nepal, the situation is especially complicated because of the contradiction between policies underscoring the importance of the state in the response and the reality of the fragility of the state, which often leads to the significant involvement of aid organisations. The post-conflict political landscape of Nepal shaped the contours of the response, as well as how actors decided to operate within them. This paper, based on empirical findings from four months of research, contributes to a better understanding of the intricacies of the post-conflict and post-disaster nexus in the context of a state-led response.     

云南永胜6.0级地震震害特征

介绍了云南永胜6.0级地震烈度分布与震害特征;分析了震害原因,计算了各类房屋在不同烈度区的平均震害指数;对典型的钢筋砼框架结构房屋进行了震害预测计算和抗震验算,并将计算结果与实际震害进行了对比.     

基于GIS的地震次生灾害数值模拟

破坏性地震伴随发生的火灾、毒气泄漏与扩散、爆炸等次生灾害所造成的损失不容忽视。综述了在GIS(地理信息系统)支持下利用相应的数学模型,对几种典型的地震次生灾害进行的数值模拟的研究成果。该方面的研究对防灾和地震应急都有重要的意义。     

云南省丽江大地震及其诱发的崩塌滑坡灾害特征

１９９６年２月３日，云南省丽江县城以北４０ｋｍ发生７级强烈地震，这次地震在约１２０００ｋｍ２范围内诱发了至少４２０处中小型崩塌和３０处大中型滑坡，造成房屋倒塌、桥梁毁坏和公路堵塞。调查研究得出以下结论：（１）地震触发的崩塌滑坡分布在Ⅵ度区内，主要集中在主震震中东南部，接近表层构造断裂带和余震活动范围内；（２）崩塌主要发生在高陡斜坡的峡谷地带，滑坡多为复活型，部分为同发型和滞后型滑坡；（３）地形是控制崩塌滑坡分布位置的主导因素，崩塌多发生于大于６０度斜坡中上部，滑坡发育于中缓斜坡（２５°～４５°）；（４）滑坡影响区如遇充足的降雨可能进一步变形破坏，大量地裂隙孕育着新的崩塌滑坡，潜在危险性大。     

基于AHP-熵物元的地震安全社区应急管理评价

为提高建设地震安全社区减灾综合效益，解决我国地震频发造成的严重经济损失和人员伤亡，在发展尚未成熟的地震安全社区建设理念基础上探究其应急管理影响因素，从应急三阶段管理以及社会环境影响方面选取指标建立评价体系；引入AHP-熵权法和可拓物元数学理论，构建地震安全社区应急管理综合评价模型；应用该模型对大连地震安全社区进行实例验证，得出该社区应急管理等级以及应急全过程中不足之处，得到的评价结果与实际情况相符，表明多级可拓物元模型的定量计算结果准确可靠，对完善地震安全社区应急管理具有指导和实用价值。     

城市地震火灾风险评估指标体系研究

从多方面系统、全面地研究了城市地震火灾原因及其消防工作。在借鉴民事火灾风险评估指标体系的基础上,结合地震情况下的潜在起火源、城市地震火灾发生的主要原因、城市消防系统在地震火灾的预防及扑救方面所起的作用以及城市环境对地震火灾的影响等因素,建立了城市地震火灾风险评价指标体系。运用专家调查法确定出各指标的相对重要性,采用层次分析法计算出各指标的权重。该项研究为进行城市地震火灾风险评估奠定了理论基础。     

Trust via disasters: the case of Chile's 2010 earthquake

Chile has a long‐standing history of natural disasters and, in particular, earthquakes. The latest big earthquake hit Chile on 27 February 2010 with a magnitude of 8.8 on the Richter scale. As an event that had a profound impact on significant portions of the population, the earthquake could theoretically have served to build trust by promoting new trust networks through the enhancement of distant family ties and the interaction between affected neighbours. This study offers an empirical analysis of this theory in the Chilean case. It finds that if initial social capital is very low (thus allowing for post‐disaster looting and violence), then the impact of the trust‐increasing effect is smaller. It also shows that the effect of the disaster was not transitory, but that it persisted and actually increased over time.