四川地震灾区某滑坡稳定性分析及治理工程方案比选

本文从四川地震灾区某滑坡体地质环境背景条件出发,在分析了该滑坡体的工程地质特征的基础上,对该滑坡的稳定性进行了分析,并根据滑坡结构特征及威胁对象,对该滑坡治理方案进行了比选,选取5个比较因子进行定性分析,最终得出了其治理工程的优化方案.     

利用连续GPS资料分析芦山7.0级地震区域地壳变形特征

2013年4月20日,龙门山断裂带南段四川芦山附近发生7.0级地震,造成较严重地震灾害及其次生灾害。为研究地震区域地壳变形特征,利用芦山地震震中周边陆态网GPS连续站2010-2013年的观测资料,得到发震区域水平运动速度场和垂直形变场,获得距震中较近站点的同震位移;利用站间基线时间序列和应变参数时间序列得到了区域应变积累背景,并结合块体运动信息分离方法,进一步分析了震前可能存在的异常形变信息。从中得知:芦山地震发震区域处于块体挤出的"分流"地带,地壳水平变形量较小。站间基线QHBM-SCSN和QHBM-SCXJ在2012年下半年均出现偏离原有运动速率的趋势。SCXJ站时间序列信息分离结果显示,其N向和E向应变贡献分量在2012年也有曲线转折现象。     

基于支持向量机的地震灾害自动成图方法

地震灾害风险评估中有许多定性图件,目前常用的成图方法是根据研究区的离散点钻孔结果人工勾画,费时费力;或对离散点钻孔结果强制赋予0、1数值,然后进行插值成图,其从逻辑上不能真实反映场地的客观情况。基于支持向量机技术,该文提出了使用分类工具SVC,将不同结果的离散点钻孔在空间上进行合理分类的自动成图方法。相较于传统方法,该方法效率高,成本低。     

A post‐earthquake psychopathological investigation in Armenia: methodology,summary of findings,and follow‐up

The post‐earthquake psychopathological investigation (PEPSI) was designed to probe the short‐and long‐term effects of the earthquake in northern Armenia on 7 December 1988 on survivors' mental and physical health. Four phases of this study have been conducted to date, and, overall, more than 80 per cent of a sub‐sample of 1,773 drawn from an initial cohort of 32,743 was successfully followed during 2012. This paper describes the methodology employed in the evaluation, summarises previous findings, details the current objectives, and examines the general characteristics of the sample based on the most recent follow‐up phase outcomes. Despite a significant decrease in psychopathology rates between 1990 and 2012, prevalence rates of post‐traumatic stress disorder and depression among study participants in 2012 were greater than 15 and 26 per cent, respectively. The paper also notes the strengths and limitations of the study vis‐à‐vis future research and highlights the importance and potential practical implications of similar assessments and their outcomes.     

国家地震应急快速响应信息系统建设——以首都圈地区为基础

以首都圈防震减灾示范项目的建设为例，介绍了国家层次的地震应急快速响应信息系统的总体架构、技术路线和核心功能。该系统以B／S和C／S混合结构为主体架构，以GIS为开发平台，实现了地震触发—灾害响应—灾害评估—辅助对策应急响应流程的各项相关核心功能，对我国开展“十五”应急响应工作提供了一定的借鉴经验。     

Speed or deliberation: a comparison of post‐disaster recovery in Japan,Turkey, and Chile

This paper compares recovery in the wake of three recent earthquakes: the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011; the Van earthquake in Turkey in October 2011; and the Maule earthquake in Chile in February 2010. The authors visited all three locations approximately 12–18 months after the incidents and interviewed earthquake specialists, disaster managers, urban planners, and local authorities. A key challenge to post‐disaster recovery planning is balancing speed and deliberation. While affected communities must rebuild as quickly as possible, they must also seek to maximise the opportunities for improvement that disasters provide. The three case studies bring this dilemma into stark relief, as recovery was respectively slow, fast, and just right in the aftermath of the events: the Government of Japan adopted a deliberate approach to recovery and reconstruction; speed was of the essence in Turkey; and an effective balance between speed and deliberation was achieved in Chile.     

Emotions and beliefs after a disaster: a comparative analysis of Haiti and Indonesia

A number of studies have examined emotional and belief responses following a disaster, yet there has been limited comparative analysis of responses to disasters in different places. This paper reviews the results of 366 questionnaires that evaluated key emotional and belief concepts in Haiti after the earthquake on 12 January 2010 (n=212) and in Indonesia after the earthquake in Yogyakarta on 27 May 2006 (n=154). The results indicate significant differences between the responses in the two settings, particularly in relation to feelings of impunity, self‐blame for the disaster, regret about pre‐earthquake behaviour, and a sense of justice in the world. Furthermore, the impacts of age, education, and gender on responses also were different in the two case study sites. Overall, the results suggest that understanding the cultural, religious, and social contexts of different disaster locales is important in comprehending the emotions and beliefs that manifest themselves in the wake of a major disaster.     

地震前兆混沌时间序列多尺度分维异常识别研究

对地震前兆观测时间序列的混沌性态及其产生的根源进行了探讨。根据小波变换良好的时、频局部化特征和分形维数的变化特征,从小波分析多尺度分解的角度出发结合分形理论探讨了地震前兆混沌时间序列的异常识别问题。对几个实例的研究表明,大多数时间段内时间序列小波变换系数的分维—尺度变化曲线呈光滑、缓慢减小变化,有异常信息时段的时间序列小波变换系数的分维—尺度变化曲线变化的主要特点是曲线具有峰值,并出现了曲线先是由高向低,然后再由低向高变化,在某一尺度处达到峰值后再缓慢减小的情况。异常出现的时间在震前约2个月至1年。将小波变换与分形理论结合起来研究地震问题,不仅开拓了地震科学研究的新领域,同时也是对小波变换及分形理论应用的延拓。     

基于无人机影像的长宁地震建筑物震害提取与成因分析

2019年6月17日,四川省长宁县发生6.0级地震,对当地建筑造成严重的破坏.选取震中长宁县双河镇为研究区,通过获取地震前后的无人机遥感数据,建立无人机遥感解译标志,对地震灾区的建筑物受损情况进行解译.在解译基础上进行无人机遥感建筑物震害提取,获取研究区的灾情信息.将目视解译方法得到的结果和无人机低空视频拍摄的震害结果...     

粤赣高速公路某岩质边坡稳定性分析与加固研究

采用双平面滑动刚体极限平衡法计算边坡稳定性分析模型,考虑了水压力、地震动荷载的作用并进行加固研究,探讨了结构面力学参数敏感性分析。结果表明,水压力是边坡破坏最重要的影响因素,地震动荷载对边坡稳态的作用是比较显著的;应当将总锚固力的标准值提高到2920 kN,才能满足边坡稳定的要求;锚固角为25°时,锚固效果较好又相对经济;结构面力学参数1φ对边坡稳定性没有影响,参数c1、c2和2φ增大有利于边坡稳定,这三个参数的影响程度从小到大依次增强,但是总的来说影响并不大。本文研究方法和成果可以为改善工程施工提供依据。