陕西五曲湾滑坡发育特征和~(14)C测龄

在陕西省凤翔县五曲湾滑坡的滑带土中发现一段树根,表面被炭化,并且发生了强烈的剪切变形,分析认为此乃滑坡滑动所致。经过14C测龄,年龄为462±45年B.P,这一年龄与地质分析获取的认识基本吻合,与1556年"华县大地震"发生的年份非常接近,从而为研究五曲湾滑坡的触发机制提供了重要依据。最后提出,如果在滑带土中发现可用于定年的样品,采用14C法测定滑坡年龄,是对滑坡进行定年的有效途径。     

我国建立地震保险制度的探讨

随着我国经济的快速发展,个人和企业财产的损失已经成为地震灾害损失最主要的组成部分,同时关于地震保险的讨论,也引起了学术界和社会各界的关注。首先在阐述我国地震保险的现状和问题的基础上,探讨了建立地震保险制度的必要性和可行性,接着在总结分析发达国家和地区地震保险经验的基础上,提出了推进我国地震保险制度的建议。     

地震灾害现场救援行动标识系统设计

地震灾害现场救援行动信息的表达对规范和协调救援力量的行动具有重要意义;地震灾害现场救援行动标识系统是地震紧急救援工作体系中不可或缺的一部分。阐述了地震灾害现场救援行动标识的定义及内涵;探讨了地震灾害现场救援行动标识的分类、设计以及使用要求。     

In the aftermath of the Qa'yamat:1 the Kashmir earthquake disaster in northern Pakistan

This article explores the local impact of the catastrophic earthquake in northern Pakistan on 8 October 2005. Drawing on field research, including interviews with 40 earthquake survivors, the post-disaster analysis presented here focuses upon risk awareness and the reactions of respondents to the 7.6 magnitude earthquake that devastated areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir State, and North-West Frontier Province. The analysis provides insights into local perceptions of seismic hazard and exposure as well as survivors' priorities with regard to rebuilding and reconstruction. The article suggests that the tragedy of the devastating earthquake is entangled in a deeper knot of causal factors that are social, economic and political in nature. Rapid population growth, urbanisation, changing building styles, environmental degradation and lack of preparedness and mitigation are associated with the circumstances that place the population at risk. Remarks concerning present and future risk reduction efforts are included.     

Earthquake mortality in Pakistan

A strong earthquake, measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale, hit northern Pakistan on 8 October 2005, causing massive destruction, including an official death toll of 73,276. Four cross-sectional surveys were performed in late 2005 to assess mortality before the event, on the day, and subsequently. Two surveys were community-based and two were situated in camps for internally displaced persons. Crude mortality rates were low in the 3.5 months preceding the earthquake (less than 0.1 deaths per 10,000 per day) and slightly higher in the six-to-eight weeks after the earthquake (ranging from 0.10–0.43 per 10,000 per day). On 8 October 2005, approximately two per cent of the population in one community survey died and around five per cent in the other three surveys. Children less than five years and adults more than or equal to 50 years tended to have a higher risk of mortality on the day of the disaster. These results corroborate the high mortality caused by the earthquake.     

Role of information in collective action in dynamic disaster environments

This study explores the major issues facing collective response operations after destructive earthquakes. The small-n case study design employs qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate the decision-making process in a context of seismic risk to exemplify how public managers can utilise information and communication systems to ensure collaborative actions in managing an extreme event. Fifty-eight semi-structured interviews with 39 key decision-makers and researchers and content analyses of daily reports from Cumhuriyet comprise the main data sources. The study compares and contrasts the Turkish disaster management system following the Marmara and Duzce earthquakes of 1999. It addresses whether the use of information and communication technologies significantly affected its performance. The study's findings reveal that difficulties in accessing and exchanging timely and accurate disaster-relevant information inhibited coordination during the Marmara response while increased communication functions improved coordination and search-and-rescue activities during the Duzce response.     

生命线工程网络系统抗震可靠性分析方法综述

生命线工程系统地震反应分析的一个重要任务是计算系统的抗震可靠度,因此,寻找一种高效合适的系统可靠性分析方法至关重要.对生命线工程网络系统抗震可靠性分析中目前常用的几种算法进行了系统的比较、分析和综述.     

基于GIS的城市抗震防灾规划信息管理系统

探讨GIS在城市抗震防灾规划中的应用模式和关键技术,设计了城市抗震防灾规划信息管理系统的基本框架,并结合郑州新区抗震防灾规划工作,介绍了城市抗震防灾规划综合数据库、震害预测分析模型以及GIS辅助决策系统的研究与实现,为规划编制和实施提供重要的数据支撑和决策依据。     

大跨斜拉桥的近断层地震响应及减震控制

近断层地震长周期成分丰富,存在速度大脉冲效应;而大跨度斜拉桥一般采用半漂浮体系或漂浮体系,所以固有频率较低。为了研究大跨度斜拉桥在近断层地震作用下的反应规律及减震措施,利用ANSYS软件分析了某半漂浮体系的大跨斜拉桥在近断层地震作用下的时程响应,并对其减震控制方法进行了探讨。研究表明,大跨度斜拉桥的近断层地震响应随着PGV/PGA值的增大而增大,且增大幅度较大,近场脉冲效应较为显著;对于近断层地震作用,不建议采用塔梁弹性连接装置作为主梁纵漂的减震措施,而采用参数适宜的铅挤压阻尼器和粘滞阻尼器则均能获得很好的减震效果;由于大跨度斜拉桥的近断层地震反应较大,应提高其支座的设计允许位移。     

汶川地震震损水库土坝动力反应与几何坝形的经验关系

在5·12汶川地震后的四川省水库土坝震害调查成果的基础上,选取汶川地震中受损的有完整资料的96座水库土坝为研究对象,应用等效线性模型对土坝进行了二维动力反应分析。选择3条有代表性的汶川地震实测记录,以三水准峰值加速度输入,得到土坝的动力反应(放大系数、最大动剪应力)与土坝几何形状(宽高比、上游坡比、坝高)间的经验关系。结果表明,土坝放大系数和最大动剪应力随着宽高比和上游坡比的增大而减小,随着坝高的增大而增大;输入波的频谱和峰值强度均对土坝动力反应与其几何形状的经验关系有重要影响。