房屋建筑的震害矩阵计算与设防投资比确定

本文包括两个内容：１研究了现有建筑的设防延伸率,给出了用设防延伸率计算震害矩阵的分析方法,并用框架、厂房的计算破坏比与包头西地震调查得到的破坏比进行了比较,二者基本吻合;２．通过咨询抗震设计专家,确定并给出了框架、砖结构、厂房的设防投资比。     

关于1917年霍山地震波及武汉市的烈度探讨

以震害重现性评价、烈度平均增量统计、武汉软地基地震反应特点及共振条件综合评价１９１７年霍山地震波及武汉市的影响烈度为５度强。为历史地震波及烈度评价提供了新的途径。     

岩土边坡地震稳定性评价方法研究进展

岩土边坡地震稳定性评价方法是岩土边坡地震稳定性分析的核心.首先对岩土边坡地震稳定性评价方法的分类进行了探讨,在此基础上从确定性分析和概率分析的角度出发,对岩土边坡地震稳定性评价方法的研究进展进行了简要回顾,包括拟静力法、滑块分析法、数值分析法和试验法,并做了简要评述;最后指出了需要解决的问题和提出今后的研究方向.     

基于大样本量的地震死亡率与建筑物倒塌率关系研究

本文以1976年唐山Ms7．8地震震害普查数据为基础，选取丰富的统计样本，采用地理信息软件建立地震死亡率、建筑物倒塌率分布图，揭示出唐山地震灾区高震亡率和高劁塌率呈线性集中沿唐山断裂带分布，在河道、古湖泊和砂土液化地区也存在震害高值区。基于丰富的统计样本，获得了唐山地震死亡率与建筑物倒塌率的非线性关系式。     

从阪神震害看沈阳市的防震减灾对策

通过对日本阪神震害的主灾区神户市与中国沈阳市在人口、经济发展状况及地震背景等方面的对比，指出了沈阳市潜在的地震灾害危险，并参考神户在防震灾规划中所存在的失误，提出了沈阳市应采取的防震减灾措施和对策．     

工业设备地震破坏等级划分研究

我国工业企业地震灾害破坏等级规范中只有针对建筑物的震害破坏等级划分,而对在地震灾害中同样受损严重的工业设备,有关的国家规范以及研究成果却极少。分析了工业设备类型以及震害损失特点,并在借鉴国内外研究基础上,提出工业设备地震破坏等级划分原则和依据,将工业设备震害破坏划分为基本完好、轻微破坏、中等破坏、严重破坏以及毁坏五个等级,并给出每个等级下的宏观描述。工业设备震害破坏等级划分是对我国地震现场工作规范的补充和完善,对提高我国工业企业的地震灾害损失评估工作效率和准确度有重要意义。     

Disaster resilience and population ageing: the 1995 Kobe and 2004 Chuetsu earthquakes in Japan

This paper provides a framework for evaluating the effects of population ageing on disaster resilience. In so doing, it focuses on the 1995 Kobe and 2004 Chuetsu earthquakes, two major disasters that affected Japan before the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake. It analyses regional population recovery on the basis of pre‐disaster and post‐recovery demographic characteristics using defined transition patterns of population ageing. The evaluation framework demonstrates that various recovery measures make different contributions to disaster resilience for each transition pattern of population ageing. With reference to regional population ageing, the framework allows for a prediction of disaster resilience, facilitating place vulnerability assessments and potentially informing policy‐making strategies for Japan and other countries with ageing populations.     

Organisational resilience following the Darfield earthquake of 2010

This paper presents the preliminary findings of a study on the resilience and recovery of organisations following the Darfield earthquake in New Zealand on 4 September 2010. Sampling included organisations proximal and distal to the fault trace, organisations located within central business districts, and organisations from seven diverse industry sectors. The research captured information on the challenges to, the impacts on, and the reflections of the organisations in the first months of recovery. Organisations in central business districts and in the hospitality sector were most likely to close, while organisations that had perishable stock and livestock were more heavily reliant on critical services. Staff well‐being, cash flow, and customer loss were major concerns for organisations across all sectors. For all organisations, the most helpful factors in mitigating the effects of the earthquake were their relationship with staff members, the design and type of buildings, and critical service continuity or swift reinstatement of services.     

Shelter recovery in urban Haiti after the earthquake: the dual role of social capital

This paper documents the culture‐specific understanding of social capital among Haitians and examines its benefits and downsides in post‐disaster shelter recovery following the 12 January 2010 earthquake. The case study of shelter recovery processes in three socioeconomically diverse communities (Pétion‐Ville, Delmas and Canapé Vert) in Port‐au‐Prince suggests that social capital plays dual roles in post‐disaster shelter recovery of the displaced population in Haiti. On the one hand, it provides enhanced access to shelter‐related resources for those with connections. On the other hand, it accentuates pre‐existing inequalities or creates new inequalities among displaced Haitians. In some cases, such inequalities lead to tensions between the have and have‐nots and instigate violence among the displaced.     

在地震作用下碎石土滑坡抗滑桩的抗震加固作用机理研究

本文利用弹塑性动力固结大变形有限元模型,采用非线性分析的方法对比研究在地震荷载作用下的碎石土滑坡的抗滑桩在坡脚和边坡中部的抗震加固效果.研究结果表明:设置在边坡中部的抗滑桩相对于设置在边坡下部的抗滑桩对整体边坡土体位移支挡最有效.不同高程点动弯距的变化趋势基本相同.在同样条件下中桩位抗滑桩的静力、动力弯矩大于桩位在坡脚的抗滑桩相应位置的弯矩,表明中桩位加固位置可以更有效发挥抗滑桩的抗弯承载能力.从提高边坡稳定性和抗滑桩的抗滑效果来看,边坡中部的抗滑桩抗震加固效果较好.