The creation of vulnerability to natural disaster: Case studies from the Dominican Republic*

This paper argues that natural disasters are not a category of events which can be separated from the broader Issues of development, since economic change can create vulnerability to natural disaster. The analysis of case studies from the Dominican Republic shows how the development of large scale commercialized agricultural production has created such vulnerability by reducing or restricting the resource base of certain sectors of the population. It b suggested that the vulnerable state of a population should be considered as much a cause of natural disaster as the extreme physical phenomena Involved. Therefore there Is a need both for a broader framework for analysis of disasters and for strategies to reduce such vulnerability to be an Integral part of long term development planning.     

自然灾害信息系统结构初探——以长白山火山灾害信息系统为例

以地理信息系统和遥感等具有综合分析,实时反应能力的高新技术为支撑,构建了自然灾害信息系统,指出自然灾害数据库主要包括历史数据库,相关环境数据和遥感信息数据库,并以减灾为视角将系统分为监测子系统,预测子系统,灾害评估子系统,避灾路线选取子系统四个模块。     

80年代以来闽北洪涝灾害概况及其成因

闽北是个暴雨洪涝灾害频繁发生的地区,武夷山暴雨是其主要洪不来源,洪峰流量远远超过一般河流,本文对闽北80年代以来发生的9次大暴雨洪水进行详细的统计及成因, 在此基础上,提出防灾对策建议。     

暴雨洪涝灾害对社会经济和人民生活的影响分析

自然灾害的发生不仅给人类社会造成直接的损害,还具有极强的后效效应,本文以分析暴雨洪涝灾害对我国国民经济和灾区经济的影响情况,揭示了暴雨洪涝灾害对社会经济发生的短期和长期影响特征。     

西藏沙漠化灾害现状及其驱动力研究

西藏自治区是我国沙漠化灾害问题较为严重的地区之一,有沙漠化灾害土地19．974万km^2占全区土地总面积的16．58％,包括重度、中度、轻度3级和流动沙（丘）地、半固定沙（丘）地、固定沙（丘）地、裸露沙砾地、半裸露沙砾地5类沙漠化灾害土地,其中以中度沙漠化灾害土地和裸露沙砾地类沙漠化灾害土地为最多。沙漠化灾害将使区内生态环境与生存条件恶化,破坏建设工程,直接影响农业生产,导致人民生活贫困,并构成严重的潜在压力,造成了巨大的经济损失,平均年经济损失高达34．5亿元。驱动力分析表明,西藏的土地沙漠化灾害是在近期“全球变化”背景下气候干暖化和人为的过度经济活动共同促成的。     

面向21世纪的上海城市综合减灾管理模式的探索

城市综合防灾减灾管理是城市管理的一个重要组成部分,上海市综合减灾体系目前尚不够完善,城市抗灾能力仍较薄弱,本文通过对国外大城市减灾管理模式的比较和研究,分析了目前沆减灾管理模式的现状和存在的问题,并提出了一个较为完善的上海市综合减灾管理模式框架和由目前灾害管理模式向理想模式过渡的措施和建议。     

西藏公路水毁灾害

位于我国西南边陲、青藏高原西南部的西藏,由于特殊的地质地貌条件和气候影响,公路水毁灾害十分严重。本文就西藏公路水毁灾害的基本特点、类型、主要因素和发展趋势进行了剖析。     

I will not go,I cannot go: cultural and social limitations of disaster preparedness in Asia,Africa, and Oceania

While much work has been invested in addressing the economic and technical basis of disaster preparedness, less effort has been directed towards understanding the cultural and social obstacles to and opportunities for disaster risk reduction. This paper presents local insights from five different national settings into the cultural and social contexts of disaster preparedness. In most cases, an early warning system was in place, but it failed to alert people to diverse environmental shocks. The research findings show that despite geographical and typological differences in these locations, the limitations of the systems were fairly similar. In Kenya, people received warnings, but from contradictory systems, whereas in the Philippines and on the island of Saipan, people did not understand the messages or take them seriously. In Bangladesh and Nepal, however, a deeper cultural and religious reasoning serves to explain disasters, and how to prevent them or find safety when they strike.     

大别山区诸佛庵镇深水河山洪灾害分析

综合下垫面条件、气象与水文信息,对皖西大别山区的诸佛庵镇“05．9”小流域暴雨,进行暴雨重现期和洪水过程分析计算。结合灾害特征,探讨其成因。在小流域风险洪水预估的基础上,从防灾减灾的角度提出对策性建议。     

中国自然灾害应急管理研究进展与对策

从中国自然灾害应急管理的现状出发,系统分析了自然灾害应急管理领域的研究进展,指出了中国自然灾害应急管理在理论和实践方面存在的问题.在此基础上,提出了中国自然灾害应急管理框架,认为建立适合中国国情的自然灾害应急管理体制是提高中国自然灾害应急管理的基础;应急预案的制定和实施是规范灾害应急管理,提高灾害紧急救援能力的关键措施;灾害信息快速准确的获取和评估是灾害应急管理的有效保障;建立实际可用的应急管理系统是提高灾害应急管理水平和工作效率的根本出路.