鸭粪和环丙沙星对潮土微生物群落功能多样性的影响

为了评价鸭粪中残留的环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin,CIP)对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,布置培养试验,设五个处理,分别是Ⅰ:CK(对照)、Ⅱ:CIP(人工添加的CIP)、Ⅲ:DF(添加不含抗生素的鸭粪)、Ⅳ:DF+CIP(在Ⅲ的基础上再外源添加CIP)、Ⅴ:DF(CIP)(粪源CIP即含有CIP的鸭粪),培养81 d。借助Biolog技术研究了不同来源的CIP对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响。结果表明,培养1 d后,反映土壤微生物活性的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)表现为DFDF+CIPDF(CIP)CKCIP,说明环丙沙星对土壤微生物活性具有一定的抑制作用,且随着培养时间的延长其抑制作用减弱;添加鸭粪显著增强了土壤微生物活性和群落功能多样性;与人工添加进鸭粪中的环丙沙星相比,粪源环丙沙星对微生物活性的抑制作用更强,并显著降低了土壤中利用碳源微生物的物种丰富度指数(H)、均匀度指数(E)、优势度指数(Ds)和碳源利用丰富度指数(S);在培养过程中,土壤微生物利用的主要碳源种类随培养时间延长有所变化,初期利用的主要是糖类、羧酸类、聚合物类、胺类以及氨基酸类,后期主要是糖类和羧酸类。     

紫茉莉对石油污染盐碱土壤微生物群落与石油烃降解的影响

以石油污染盐碱土壤为研究对象,利用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)活性微生物标记法,分析紫茉莉(Mirabilis jalapa Linn.)根际土壤微生物群落结构的动态变化,探讨紫茉莉生长对根际土壤微生物与石油烃(TPH)降解的影响.结果表明,供试土壤中先后出现了22种微生物PLFAs,包括标识细菌的饱和脂肪酸(SAT)、标识革兰氏阳性菌(G+)的末端支链型饱和脂肪酸(TBSAT)、标识革兰氏阴性菌(G-)的单不饱和脂肪酸(MONO)和环丙脂肪酸(CYCLO)、标识真菌的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和标识放线菌的中间型支链型饱和脂肪酸(MBSAT)等六大类型.与未种紫茉莉土壤(CK)相比,根际土壤微生物PLFAs种类变异率在春、夏、秋季分别为71.4%、69.2%和33.3%;TPH降解率在春、夏、秋季分别提高了47.6%、28.3%、18.9%.相关性分析表明,石油烃的降解在CK土壤中与77.8%的PLFAs具有正相关关系(r0),55.6%的种类具有高度正相关关系(r≥0.8),其中,与SAT和MONO类群的相对含量正相关,相关系数分别为0.92、0.60;根际土壤中仅与42.1%的PLFAs正相关,21.1%的种类高度正相关,与TBSAT、MONO和CYCLO类群的相对含量正相关,相关系数分别为0.56、0.50、0.07.说明紫茉莉生长对根际土壤微生物群落结构及TPH降解速率均具有较大影响,且随生长季节的不同而有很大差异.该结果将为开展石油污染盐碱土壤的植物修复技术研究提供理论依据.     

浙江沿海无居民海岛植物群落物种组成及多样性

无居民海岛是自然资源的宝库,人类活动对无居民海岛的影响日益剧烈,掌握它们的植物群落物种组成和多样性现状有利于进行海岛植被多样性的监测和保护。本文运用植物群落生态学方法,对浙江沿海5个无居民海岛的植被物种组成及多样性进行了研究。结果如下:(1)调查区域共记录到高等植物77科,166属,226种,其中草本151种,木本植物75种。基于双向指示种分析方法(TWINSPAN)分析,将该区域植物群落分为17个类型。(2)17个群落的物种Shannon指数均在1.91?—?2.60,Pielou指数(均匀度指数)值在0.80附近浮动,Margalef指数(丰富度指数)在1.86?—?3.80,各个群落的丰富度指数与多样性指数变化趋势大体一致,与群落均匀度无明显关系。植物区系成分多样,主要为泛热带成分和北温带成分。本研究可为我国沿海无居民海岛的资源保护及其开发利用提供科学数据。     

Empowering Indigenous natural hazards management in northern Australia

Northern Australia is prone to recurring severe natural hazards, especially frequent cyclones, flooding, and extensive wildfires. The region is sparsely populated (≪ 0.5 persons km⁻²), with Indigenous (Aboriginal) residents comprising 14% of the population, and typically the majority in remote regions. Despite national policy committed to addressing emergency management (EM) in vulnerable Indigenous communities, implementation remains unfunded. We synthesise participatory intercultural research conducted over seven years exploring core challenges, opportunities and potential solutions towards developing effective EM partnerships. Similar EM engagement and empowerment issues face First Nations and local communities in many international settings. In search of solutions, we explore developing effective partnership arrangements between EM agencies and culturally diverse Indigenous communities. Observing that government already provides substantial investment in cultural and natural resource management programmes conducted by over 150 Indigenous Ranger Groups (IRGs) nationally, we demonstrate that expansion of IRG roles to incorporate EM community engagement and service delivery can provide multiple cost-effective community and business development benefits for many remote communities.     

盐度渐增对水解微生物群落结构与功能的影响

工业废水循环利用导致盐度渐增,应用水解反应器连续处理硫酸钠盐度渐增的高色度印染废水.在进水盐度从0.5g·L^-1渐增到4 g·L^-1时,印染废水也得以持续高效脱色.宏基因测序表明,盐度渐增导致水解污泥微生物种数从882种下降到了631种,但细菌群落的生物多样性仍保持稳定.盐度渐增对细菌群落的整体功能没有明显影响,但改变了水解脱色功能菌和功能酶的丰度.低盐度条件下Proteobacteria门占主导地位,Methanothrix和Geobacter为参与水解作用的优势属.在盐度渐增时,与众多细菌对盐度胁迫的反应相反,Proteobacteria丰度持续增加,Desulfovibrio和Desulfococcus成为优势属.PICRUSt功能解析显示,脱色酶SOD1和SOD2相对丰度显著下降,CAT和TYR的相对丰度上升,从总体上保证了水解生物系统脱色功能的稳定.本研究从水解脱色功能基因的角度,探讨盐度渐增对水解微生物群落和功能的影响,为盐度渐增胁迫条件下印染废水的脱色和有机物去除机制研究提供理论基础.     

Making a case for the consideration of trust,justice, and power in conservation relationships

In conservation, trust and justice are increasingly recognized as both intrinsically valuable and critical for successful socioecological outcomes. However, the interdependence between these concepts has not been explored. The conservation trust literature provides examples of efforts to build trust between conservationists and local actors; yet, these interventions are often conceived to incentivize local cooperation within dominant paradigms. We argue that when trust building is promoted as a technical fix that does not plan in advance to address power asymmetries in conservation practice, inequities may inadvertently be re-embedded. Therefore, we conceptualized a framework that joins trust, justice, and power so that critical analyses of conservation partnerships can be more effectively undertaken. We drew on environmental justice theory to better calibrate the trust literature for the historical-political settings of conservation, especially in the Global South. Justice and trust share strong theoretical links where perceptions of justice shape a willingness to trust, and, equally, trust is a precondition for justice to be perceived. Different forms of trust connect to varied domains of justice and power in different ways, which mediates the outcomes of interventions. We applied our framework to case studies to explore how these interdependences play out in practice. Failure of agencies to attend to issues of maldistribution, misrecognition of cultural values and knowledge, and exclusion from participation strongly compromised trust. Moreover, the ways in which nature-dependent communities and marginalized conservation workers are trusted, or the conditions under which they give trust, can lead to partnerships being perceived as just or unjust. Focusing on trust and justice can help identify power dynamics so they can be addressed more readily and create space for alternative understandings of partnerships.