China’s Import of Wastes and Its Implications

Abstract

The trade of wastes in the world has been increasing and China has become the largest importer of wastes. This paper examines the import trend of different wastes and finds out that the total import volume to China approved by the Chinese government keeps increasing and the illegal trade can not be banned despite repeated prohibitions; therefore, China is not only “a world factory”, but actually “a global garbage dump”. In order to well understand the implications of wastes import, this paper further analyzes the resource and environmental effects and risks of different wastes imports as well as the strong driving force of wastes imports. Based on these detailed analysis and solid data, policy recommendations are put forward to reduce the demand for raw materials, to further strengthen the inspection of and supervision over the international trade of the wastes that can be used as raw materials by using the life cycle analysis and risk analysis, to improve the environmental standards and strengthen the disposal capacity, to re-export the raw materials produced from the imported wastes, to develop the long-term planning for the import of wastes and to promote international cooperation.     

Supporting breastfeeding in emergencies: protecting women's reproductive rights and maternal and infant health

Women have the right to support that enables them to breastfeed. Supporting breastfeeding in emergencies is important because artificial feeding places mothers and children at risk. In emergencies, artificial feeding is dangerous to the infant, difficult and requires substantial resources. In contrast, breastfeeding guards infant health. It is also protective against postpartum haemorrhage, maternal depletion, maternal anaemia and closely spaced births and should therefore concern not only nutritionists, but also those involved in reproductive health. However, it is common for women's ability to breastfeed to be undermined in emergencies by the indiscriminate distribution of breast-milk substitutes and the absence of breastfeeding support. Controlling the distribution of breast-milk substitutes, providing supportive environments, and appropriate medical and practical assistance to breastfeeding women safeguards the health and well-being of mothers and babies. Greater collaboration between the nutrition and reproductive health sectors is required to promote best practice in protecting breastfeeding women and their children in emergencies.     

产业安全文化建设途径探讨

对国际海运安全文化建设及其得失进行了全面阐述和深入剖析 ,据此提出了建设我国产业安全文化的宏观途径。指出强制性推行安全管理体系认证是安全文化建设的关键 ,宣传教育应贯穿安全文化建设的全过程 ,两者须同步进行。强调安全文化建设必须系统和有效 ,真正使人们普遍认同安全是一种生活方式而非额外负担     

WHO GETS CLEAN WATER? AID ALLOCATION TO SMALL WATER SYSTEMS IN PENNSYLVANIA1

ABSTRACT: Research on the condition of drinking water provision in the United States documents the inequitable financial impact of environmental regulations on small water systems (those serving 3,300 or fewer people). While a variety of federal and state financial assistance programs are available for water systems, few quantitative analyses have evaluated the success of these programs in alleviating the problems of small systems. A case study of the largest aid initiative for water supply infrastructure in Pennsylvania provides the empirical framework through which to analyze government funding opportunities for water systems. This study examines the allocation practices of the Pennsylvania Infrastructure Investment Authority (PENNVEST) to water systems of varying sizes. Utilizing data from PENNVEST applications and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, the distribution of PENNVEST award recipients and denied applicants by size characteristics are compared. The study indicates that very small water systems (those serving 500 or fewer) do not apply for or receive funds with the same frequency as their larger counterparts. Understanding the allocation of awards from PENNVEST offers insight into the ability of small communities to access capital for water supply infrastructure.     

推广国际化学品安全卡促进化学工业持续健康发展

国际化学品安全卡（ＩＣＳＣ）是联合国国际化学品;安全规划处（ＩＰＣＳ）与欧洲聪明委员会合作编写的一套权威性化学品信息卡片。文中论述了推广使用ＩＣＳＣ的重要意义,介绍了安全卡的内容以及如何正确使用ＩＣＳＣ。     

火电站污水处理厂最佳投药量优化试验研究

火电厂污水水质和水量变化较大,絮凝剂和助凝剂投药量准确与否决定去除效率和运行成本,本研究针对火电厂实际运行情况,通过静态和动态实验,比较去除效率。根据水质和水量的变化,找到最佳投药量,为污水处理厂的最佳运行提供了参考依据。     

Toward sustainable livelihoods after war: Reconstituting rural land tenure systems

Land tenure plays a primary role in sustainable development efforts. However armed conflict and its repercussions reconfigure the network of social relations upon which all land tenure systems depend. In post‐conflict settings new laws have the opportunity to address tenure issues in the context of what people are already doing ‘on the ground’, with a view to moving from the fluidity of post‐conflict situations to a more solidified and peaceful social and legal environment. However there exists a lack of tools to analyze postwar land tenure and the prospects for reconstituting tenure systems to support recovery and development. This paper uses the Sustainable Livelihoods framework to examine postwar land tenure issues in order to draw out latent opportunities within emergent informal smallholder tenure constructs which may have utility in the reconstitution of national tenure systems.     

GIS在化工园区事故应急救援辅助决策中的应用

采用GIS平台与应急决策支持技术相结合,以园区高危工艺和重大危险源作为分析对象,开发化工园区安全管理系统中的应急救援辅助决策模块,针对园区内高危工艺或重大危险源事故后果预测与事故应急救援管理的科学性和有效性,扩展为对整个化工园区的事故风险管理与事故应急救援辅助决策支持。运用该模块可实现园区内突发事故后果预测、最优救援和疏散路径规划、应急辅助决策方案生成,有效提高化工园区事故救援的科学性和效率,减少人员伤亡和财产损失,提高化工园区安全管理水平。     

中俄罗河黑龙江开放开发利用现状及保护对策

国际界河由于其独特的地缘关系及与国家间政治、经济和外交上的密切联系而备受重视。本文从中俄界河黑龙江水资源的开发利用、水环境现状及两国经济发展的实际出发，提出可持续利用与保护对策。     

Linking permit markets multilaterally

We formally study the determinants, magnitude and distribution of efficiency gains generated in multilateral linkages between permit markets. We provide two novel decomposition results for these gains, characterize individual preferences over linking groups and show that our results are largely unaltered with strategic domestic emissions cap selection or when banking and borrowing are allowed. Using the Paris Agreement pledges and power sector emissions data of five countries which all use or considered using both emissions trading and linking, we quantify the efficiency gains. We find that the computed gains can be sizable and are split roughly equally between effort and risk sharing.