水分和氮素供应对菠菜硝酸盐累积和钾素吸收的影响

研究了水分和氮素供应对露地秋菠菜的硝酸盐累积和钾、氮吸收的影响。结果表明：与传统的水氮管理措施相比，采用水分平衡法和氮素专家系统进行的水氮供应并没有造成作物减产，但对钾、氮元素的吸收却有明显的影响，同氮素吸收相比，作物对钾素的吸收数量更高；并且作物对钾、氮的吸收比例随氮素供应水平的增加而降低，试验还动态监测了菠菜最新展开叶的叶柄汁液中的硝酸盐和K^ 浓度在一天内的变化情况。结果表明，不同水氮处理的菠菜叶柄汁液的硝酸盐浓度在白天均没有发生显著变化；叶柄汁液中的K^ 浓度和NO3^-／K^ 的浓度比在白天受氮素供应水平的影响很大，供氮量高，K^ 浓度和NO3^-／K^ 浓度比的变化也大，但受灌水量影响不大。图3表2参17。     

Sorption of the natural endocrine disruptors,oestrone and 17 beta-oestradiol in the aquatic environment

Adsorption of hydrophobic contaminants at the particle/water interface is one of the key processes controlling their fate in the aquatic environment. The sorption of the natural female hormones oestrone and 17-oestradiol has been studied under simulated riverine conditions. Both the kinetics and the effects of varying fundamental environmental parameters (e.g. sediment properties) on the thermodynamic equilibrium partition coefficient (K _p) have been studied in continuous and batch sorption experiments, respectively. Results showed that the sorption of oestrone and 17-oestradiol by sediment was relatively slow, reaching equilibrium in 50 days. In addition, relatively small adsorption of both oestrone and 17-oestradiol onto the sediment was observed, with K _p values between 200 and 250 mL g^–1. The comparable K _p values of the two compounds reflect their structural similarity. It can be concluded that the two endocrine disruptors, oestrone and 17-oestradiol remain primarily in association with the aqueous phase.     

中国亚热带土壤不同前期含水量对可蚀性K值的影响

采用人工模拟降雨试验的方法,研究我国亚热带７种有代表性土壤在干、湿两种状态下的土壤可蚀性Ｋ值,结果表明、相同类型土壤在干、湿两种状态下的可蚀性Ｋ值存在着明显的差异,耕作土壤的可蚀性Ｋ值高于非耕作土壤。     

抚育间伐对栓皮栎种群空间分布格局的影响

抚育间伐是一种重要的改善林木生长条件的经营措施,对林分结构和动态具有重要影响。为研究抚育间伐对林木种群空间结构与格局影响的内在机制,以间伐和未间伐的栓皮栎人工林为研究对象,通过设置2个100 m×100 m样地并进行每木定位和调查,在采用径级结构代替年龄结构方法将栓皮栎种群划分为幼树(2 cm≤DBH<5 cm)、小树(5 cm≤DBH<13 cm)和大树(DBH≥13 cm)3个生长阶段的基础上,分别采用Ripley’s K函数衍生的g(r)函数和双变量g12(r)函数,对栓皮栎种群空间分布点格局及不同生长阶段栓皮栎种群之间的关联性进行了研究。结果表明,间伐和未间伐样地栓皮栎种群空间分布点格局分别在0-16 m和0-33 m距离尺度内呈聚集分布,而分别在大于16 m和33 m距离尺度内呈随机分布;间伐和未间伐样地栓皮栎幼树、小树和大树的株数比分别为8?741?699和261?1134?683,且间伐样地栓皮栎幼树、小树和大树种群分别在0-14、1-16、0-6 m距离尺度内呈现均匀或聚集分布,而在其他距离尺度上表现为随机分布;栓皮栎幼树、小树和大树之间仅在间伐样地0-6 m距离尺度内呈现一定的相关性,而在未间伐样地更大的距离尺度内有显著的关联性,如栓皮栎幼树和大树之间在6-38 m距离尺度上呈显著正相关。因此,抚育间伐一定程度上使得栓皮栎种群在更大距离尺度上呈现出随机分布状态,并弱化了不同生长阶段的林木栓皮栎种群的关联性,这调整了栓皮栎种群空间竞争关系,有利于大径级林木个体的培育。该研究可以为开展抚育间伐对林木种群的影响的研究提供理论依据,也可以为制定科学合理的抚育技术措施提供参考。     

Triterpenoid and caffeic acid derivatives in the leaves of ragweed, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ambrosia artemisiifolia</Emphasis> L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), as feeding stimulants of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ophraella communa</Emphasis> LeSage (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Summary. The leaf beetle Ophraella communa infests almost exclusively Ambrosia artemisiifolia in the fields of Japan, even though it normally feeds on several Asteraceous plants. A filter paper bioassay showed that the feeding of O. communa is strongly stimulated by methanolic extracts of A. artemisiifolia. The feeding stimulants for O. communa have been isolated from methanolic extracts of A. artemisiifolia. -Amyrin acetate, -amyrin acetate, 5-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid) and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid from A. artemisiifolia have been identified as feeding stimulants for O. communa. Triterpenoid derivatives (-amyrin acetate or -amyrin acetate) and caffeic acid derivatives (3, 5-dicaffoylquinic acid or 5-caffeoylquinic acid) showed feeding stimulant activity when mixed together.     

Soil Lead at Elementary Public Schools: Comparison Between School Properties and Residential Neighbourhoods of New Orleans

Soil studies, conducted in Maryland, Minnesota and Louisiana, have described the urban pattern of lead contamination. They have shown that the highest amounts of lead cluster within the interior of the largest cities. The results of the New Orleans urban patterns of distribution of soil lead provided the basis for further study. The hypothesis was tested that elementary school properties have the same pattern of soil lead contamination as their neighbouring residential communities. Thirty New Orleans Public Elementary Schools were selected for this study. Surface samples (2.5cm or 1 inch depth) were collected from playgrounds and next to entrances of each school. Results showed that soil lead on school properties follows the same relative contamination patterns (pvalue10^–5) as soil lead on residential properties of neighbouring communities. Schools however, have significantly lower lead contamination than the neighbouring residential properties. Innercity school properties present a higher risk of soil lead exposure than mid and outercity schools. Soils next to innercity school entrances showed the highest lead, with 18.5% having concentrations over 400gg^–1. Systematic landscaping around the school entrances would significantly reduce the hazard from lead dust contaminated soils.     

Distribution of Poly(β-propiolactone) Aerobic Degrading Microorganisms in Different Environments

The distribution of degading microorganisms of high molecular weight poly(-propiolactone) (PPL), whose individual structural units are similar to those of poly(-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(€-caprolactone) (PCL), was examined. Despite the fact that PPL is a chemosynthetic polymer, many kinds of PPL-degrading microorganisms were found to be distributed as resident populations widely in natural environments. A total of 77 strains of PPL-degrading microorganisms was isolated. From standard physiological and biochemical tests, at least 41 strains were referred to as Bacillus species. Microbial degradation of fibrous PPL proceeded rapidly in some enrichment cultures but was not as complete as that of PHB. Most of the isolated PPL-degrading microorganisms were determined to be PCL degraders and/or PHB degraders. Therefore, it can be assumed that mostly PPL is recognized by the microorganisms as PHB or another natural substrate of the same type as which PCL is regarded. Microbial degradation of PPL was confirmed by some Bacillus strains from type culture collections. The similarity of microbial degradation between PPL and PCL was found to be very close.     

Surface Consolidation of Pentelic Marble: Criteria for the selection of methods and materials - The Acropolis case (6 pp)

Goal and Scope In order to realize surface consolidation of Pentelic marble on the Acropolis monuments, we have collected the criteria that have to be fulfilled by the methods and materials without side effects on the marbles (and other stones). When the existing methods and materials did not satisfy the requirements (criteria), we invented new ones.Methods The criteria were collected from the literature, by thermodynamic and kinetic viewpoints, by laboratory experiments and in situ observations on monuments, both in Greece and in several countries in which the various methods and materials were applied. Concerning our method of ‘Inversion of sulfation’, performed by spraying a K2CO3 solution, its concentration and its temperature were controlled in order to have a total inversion (certified by liquid crystals) of gypsum back to CaCO3. For the new material of ours, ‘Reinforced Lime’, in order to eliminate the disadvantages of plain lime (low carbonation rate, low mechanical properties of CaCO3 formed, lack of carbonation in the bulk of lime), measurements of the rate of carbonation were performed in plain lime and in lime with a different CaCO3 concentration beforehand as well as in a different CO2 environments, using DTG and XRD to measure the rate of carbonation. The detachment (kg/cm2) of marble specimens stuck by lime in each case was also measured. A microscope was also used to measure the dimensions of the grain in each case as well as ammonium citrate and thymolphthalein to certify the depth of carbonation in each case. Part of the work was communicated in an international congress.Results A table with the criteria of the selection of the methods and materials for the consolidation of Pentelic marble surfaces (and other stones) was established. None of the employed methods and materials fulfilled the criteria. Only the ‘Inversion of gypsum ‘ and the ‘Reinforced Lime’ were adopted and applied to the Acropolis monuments and to other monuments in Greece and in several other countries.Recommendation and Outlook All criteria must be used for the selection of methods and materials for the consolidation of the monument surfaces. This is why we have already studied with the same procedures, methods and materials for restoration, surface cleaning and protection.     

低浓度甲醛促进K562细胞增殖的分子机制探究

低浓度甲醛(Formaldehyde,FA)可以促进细胞增殖.本实验选用K562细胞为实验对象,用不同浓度的甲醛溶液处理细胞,探究其中可能存在的分子机制.测定细胞活力及胞内氧化损伤程度后,发现当甲醛浓度为75μmol·L~(-1)时,细胞增殖率上升(p0.05或p0.01),Warburg效应中的丙酮酸激酶M2型同工酶(PKM2)、葡萄糖转运蛋白1(GLUT1)、乳酸脱氢酶A(LDHA)、葡萄糖和乳酸含量上升(p0.05);此外,细胞周期调控因子Cyclin D-cdk4与转录因子E2F1含量也上升(p0.05).同时,细胞内氧化损伤加强,其中活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量上升(p0.01),还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)下降(p0.05).然而,在加入抗氧化剂VE后,氧化损伤程度减弱,细胞增殖率降低,PKM2、GLUT1、LDHA、葡萄糖、乳酸,Cyclin D-cdk4、E2F1含量均下降.结果表明低浓度甲醛可能通过氧化应激诱导Warburg效应和影响细胞周期调控因子两条途径促进细胞的增殖.