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861.
JIANG Xi JIN Xiang-can YAN Chang-zhou Ayfer Yediler OU Zi qing Antonius Kettrup 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2004,16(3):513-519
Advanced closed chamber system was used to study the fate of phenanthrene (3-rings PAHs) in the presence of linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS). The results showed mineralization and metabolism of phenanthrene are fast in the “culture solution-lava-plant-air“ model ecological system. The distribution proportions of applied ^14C-activity in this simulative ecological system were 41%-45%, 14% to 10% and 1% in plant, lava and culture solution respectively, and 18% to 29%, 11% to 8% recovered in the forms of VOCs and CO2. Main parts of the applied ^14C-activity exist in two forms, one is polar metabolites(25%) which mainly distribute in the root(23%),the other is unextractable part (23%) which have been constructed into plant root (8.98%), shoot (0.53%) or bonded to lava(13.2%). The main metabolites of phenanthrene were polar compounels (25% of applied ^14C-activity), and small portion of ^14C-activity was identified as non-polar metabolites(6% of applied ^14C-activity) and apparent phenanthrene(1.91% of applied ^14C-activity). Phenanthrene and its metabolites can be taken up through plant roots and translocated to plant shoots. The presence of LAS significantly increased the the concentration of ^14C-activity in the plant and production of VOCs, at the same time it decreased the phenanthrene level in the plant and the production of CO2 at the concentration of 200 mg/L. 相似文献
862.
Efficacy of Land-Cover Models in Predicting Isolation of Marbled Salamander Populations in a Fragmented Landscape 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract: Amphibians worldwide are facing rapid declines due to habitat loss and fragmentation, disease, and other causes. Where habitat alteration is implicated, there is a need for spatially explicit conservation plans. Models built with geographic information systems (GIS) are frequently used to inform such planning. We explored the potential for using GIS models of functional landscape connectivity as a reliable proxy for genetically derived measures of population isolation. We used genetic assignment tests to characterize isolation of marbled salamander populations and evaluated whether the relative amount of modified habitat around breeding ponds was a reliable indicator of population isolation. Using a resampling analysis, we determined whether certain land-cover variables consistently described population isolation. We randomly drew half the data for model building and tested the performance of the best models on the other half 100 times. Deciduous forest was consistently associated with lower levels of population isolation, whereas salamander populations in regions of agriculture and anthropogenic development were more isolated. Models that included these variables and pond size explained 65–70% of variation in genetically inferred isolation across sites. The resampling analysis confirmed that these habitat variables were consistently good predictors of isolation. Used judiciously, simple GIS models with key land-cover variables can be used to estimate population isolation if field sampling and genetic analysis are not possible. 相似文献
863.
四溴双酚A对赤子爱胜蚓的急性毒性及抗氧化防御系统酶的影响 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
以赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)为研究对象,根据OECD指南中的滤纸接触法和人工土壤法研究了四溴双酚A(TBBPA)的急性毒性和对蚯蚓体内抗氧化防御系统酶的影响.结果表明,滤纸接触法和人工土壤法检测TBBPA对蚯蚓的半致死浓度LC50分别为4.90mg·L-(148h)和16.7mg·kg-(114d),TBBPA对蚯蚓具有低等毒性.当TBBPA的浓度在0.05和0.1mg·kg-1时对蚯蚓超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)产生显著诱导;在0.05mg·kg-1时,对过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)也产生显著诱导;脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)随TBBPA浓度的升高逐渐增加,呈良好的剂量效应关系(R2=0.97,p<0.01).SOD、CAT、GST和MDA可以作为土壤生态早期预警中潜在的敏感的生物标志物. 相似文献
864.
马凤 《湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报》2009,15(3):5-8
工厂信息化总体结构可分为2个网络,1个数据平台,3个层次,可为工厂的高层决策、生产经营管理提供安全可靠的信息化支撑平台,提高企业的综合竞争力,根据实际工程案例详细论述了机房与网络改造方案的设计,对工厂信息化机房的设计具有指导性意义,图1,参3. 相似文献
865.
Josef Bryja Hana Patzenhauerová Tomáš Albrecht Ladislav Mošanský Michal Stanko Pavel Stopka 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,63(2):251-260
Sexual selection in most vertebrates is based on the evolution of fitness optimization strategies such as multiple-male mating
(MMM). Several ecological correlates of MMM have been identified in bird and fish populations; however, only few studies have
documented the effects of environmental change on promiscuity in mammals. In this study, the 127 pregnant females from four
central European and ecologically diverse species of field mice (genus Apodemus) were studied to assess the role of ecological factors that may have shaped the evolution of particular mating systems. MMM
was found in all analyzed species: in Apodemus uralensis and Apodemus flavicollis, up to two males could be identified as the fathers of a particular litter, while three males sired 9.1% of analyzed litters
of Apodemus sylvaticus and 20.6% of Apodemus agrarius. Furthermore, there were obvious differences between species in relative testes size and the proportion of multiple sired
litters during those seasons when the opportunity for multiple mating was high. The species with the smallest testes and the
least promiscuous was A. uralensis (only 43.5% of multiple sired litters), while the species with the biggest testes and the most promiscuous was A. agrarius (69.2%). MMM was significantly associated with higher litter size in A. flavicollis, and the probability of MMM strongly increased with season in A. agrarius and with abundance in A. uralensis. These results indicate that ecological factors are associated with MMM rates in Apodemus field mice and more research is needed to fully understand the evolution of mating strategies at different levels of biological
resolution. 相似文献
866.
Large males dominate: ecology,social organization,and mating system of wild cavies,the ancestors of the guinea pig 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Matthias Asher Tanja Lippmann Jörg T. Epplen Cornelia Kraus Fritz Trillmich Norbert Sachser 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(9):1509-1521
Ecological factors differently affect male and female animals and thereby importantly influence their life history and reproductive
strategies. Caviomorph rodents are found in a wide range of habitats in South America and different social and mating systems
have evolved in closely related species. This permits to study the impact of ecological factors on social evolution. In this
study, we investigated the social organization and the mating system of the wild cavy (Cavia aperea), the ancestor of the domestic guinea pig, in its natural habitat in Uruguay. Based on our laboratory investigations, we
expected a polygynous system with large males controlling access to females. Results from radiotelemetry and direct observations
showed that females occupied small stable home ranges which were largely overlapped by that of one large male, resulting in
a social organization of small harems. In some cases, small satellite males were associated with harems and intermediate-sized
roaming males were occasionally observed on the study site. However, microsatellite analyses revealed that offspring were
exclusively sired by large males of the same or neighboring harems, with a moderate degree of multiple paternity (13–27%).
Thus, the mating system of C. aperea can be described as polygynous and contrasts with the promiscuous organization described for other species of cavies (Cavia magna, Galea musteloides and Microcavia australis) living under different ecological conditions. Our findings stress the strong impact of environmental factors on social evolution
in Caviomorphs as resource distribution determines female space use and, thereby, the ability of males to monopolize females.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
867.
Ted L. Napier 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2000,36(4):723-735
ABSTRACT: Data were collected in the fall of 1998 and the winter of 1999 from 1,011 land owner‐operators within three watersheds in the North Central Region of the United States to assess adoption of soil and water protection practices. Farm owner‐operators were asked to indicate how frequently they used 18 different agricultural production practices. Many farmers within the three watersheds had adopted conservation protection practices. However, they also employed production practices that could negate many of the environmental benefits associated with conservation practices in use. Comparison of adoption behaviors used in the three watersheds revealed significant differences among the study groups. Respondents in the Iowa and Ohio watersheds reported greater use of conservation production systems than did farmers in Minnesota. However, there were no significant differences between Ohio and Iowa farmers in terms of use of conservation production practices. This was surprising, since farmers in the Ohio watershed had received massive amounts of public and private investments to motivate them to adopt and to continue using conservation production systems. These findings bring into serious question the use of traditional voluntary conservation programs such as those employed in the Ohio watershed. Study findings suggest that new policy approaches should be considered. It is argued that “whole farm planning” should be a significant component of new agricultural conservation policy. 相似文献
868.
869.
870.
Real-world fuel consumption of light-duty passenger vehicles using on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems
Xuan Zheng Sheng Lu Liuhanzi Yang Min Yan Guangyi Xu Xiaomeng Wu Lixin Fu Ye Wu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(2):33