Rock climbers' attitudes toward management of climbing and the use of bolts

The purpose of this research was to verify that various segments of the rock climbing community have different attitudes toward resource management and to aid in the understanding of attitudinal differences that can affect rock-climbing management. Respondents were given an on-site questionnaire; 400 usable surveys were collected from 13 different locations in the United States. Respondents identified themselves according to the type of climbing they participated in (e.g., traditional climbing, sport climbing, and hybrid climbing). Factor analysis identified five usable factors: bolt placement/use, need for management, reservations about management, appropriateness of bolts, and climbers' self-perception. A repeated-measures analysis of variance identified significant differences among responses from traditional and sport climbers on four of the five scales used to measures attitudes. The variance among the climbing subgroups indicated that various climbing groups had significantly different attitudes toward management. All climbers surveyed had reservations about the management process. Results from the analysis indicated that climbers from all three groups (traditional, sport, and hybrid) felt that managers did not adequately understand the activity of climbing, climbers did not adequately understand the management process, climbing was not treated fairly in the management process in comparison to other activities, and climbing was micromanaged.     

Organizational commitment to integrated and collaborative management: matching strategies to constraints

Integrated and collaborative approaches to environmental management are being advocated as a more appropriate and effective approach to decision-making. It is based on collaboration among a range of individuals and organizations that have a stake, role, or responsibility in management outcomes. However, researchers have found that implementation of this approach has encountered difficulties. This paper focuses on the role of organizations and their commitment to implementation. Based on case study and survey research in the United States and Australia, the author examines organizational constraints and the range of strategies used to secure commitment. It is argued that participants must more explicitly address the commitment issue and design implementation strategies that respond to organizational constraints.     

安太堡露天煤矿职业健康安全管理体系绩效分析

通过对安太堡露天煤矿职业健康安全管理体系认证前后安全生产管理基础数据的调查和统计,采用定性和定量的分析方法对该企业的安全管理水平进行了绩效对比分析和模型分析。结果表明,对于露天煤矿企业,建立职业健康安全管理体系有利于提高企业安全管理的水平;同时证明,该绩效分析方法具有分析过程简单、分析结果科学实用等优点。     

Coupling ecosystem science with management: A Great Lakes perspective from Green Bay,Lake Michigan,USA

Continued resource degradation in various areas of the Great Lakes has led to doubts of the adequacy of conventional science and management approaches. The need for a more holistic approach, identified as an ecosystem approach, appears now to be more widely accepted although progress with implementation is slow. We argue here that ecosystem science is an integral part of an ecosystem approach and is a prerequisite to effective management planning.One of the problems of implementing an ecosystem approach is forging the link between ecosystem based research and management. For Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA, certain structural and functional qualities of the ecosystem have been used to define operational guides and to formulate management objectives. These objectives are being utilized in the development of a remedial action plan for Green Bay.Deceased 5 February 1986.     

Procedure for assessing visual quality for landscape planning and management

Incorporation of aesthetic considerations in the process of landscape planning and development has frequently met with poor results due to its lack of theoretical basis, public involvement, and failure to deal with spatial implications. This problem has been especially evident when dealing with large areas, for example, the Adirondacks, Scenic Highways, and National Forests and Parks. This study made use of public participation to evaluate scenic quality in a portion of the Niagara Escarpment in Southern Ontario, Canada. The results of this study were analyzed using thevisual management model proposed by Brown and Itami (1982) as a means of assessing and evaluating scenic quality. Themap analysis package formulated by Tomlin (1980) was then applied to this assessment for the purpose of spatial mapping of visual impact. The results of this study illustrate that it is possible to assess visual quality for landscape/management, preservation, and protection using a theoretical basis, public participation, and a systematic spatial mapping process.     

新老建设项目环境保护管理法规对照分析

最近颁布的《建设项目环境保护管理条例》,使我国环境影响评价制度在法制化的轨道上又向前迈进了一步,对我国环境影响评价工作的开展将产生重大影响。本文就原《建设项目环境保护管理办法》与新条例作出分析比较。     

太湖流域无锡市水质自动监测系统质控体系研究

为了加强太湖流域无锡水质自动监测系统的管理,确保水站长期稳定运行,及时准确的发布水质自动监测数据,发挥水站的实时监控和预警监视作用,对水站管理办法、质控体系等进行研究,确保自动监测数据的准确性、精密性、代表性、完整性和可比性。     

东盟国家危险废物管理机制与实践经验

东盟国家对废物的处理处置技术较为先进,国内对废物管理的法律制度相对完善。近年来,其大力发展危险废物处理处置技术,在危险废物的管理方面都取得了较好的成绩。开展东盟国家危险废物管理研究,对完善我国危险废物出口管理体系和未来出口对象的选择具有重要意义。     

沈阳市污泥堆存处置过程恶臭预警集成技术研究

为解决沈阳市污泥堆存处置过程恶臭污染管理与预警方面存在的问题,文章研究了污泥恶臭产生条件、污泥堆存处置过程恶臭污染特征,明确了污泥堆存处置过程的恶臭风险因素。应用层次分析法构建了恶臭风险评估与分级预警指标体系,并通过案例分析对指标体系进行了优化,在此基础上开发了恶臭风险评估与分级预警系统软件,为企业恶臭风险管理提供了技术支撑,为环境管理部门提供了科学的监管方法。     

精准扶贫下社区发展基金(CDF)项目的多元管理与机制创新——基于内蒙古阿拉善盟的实证研究

内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟的荒漠生态系统是我国西北地区的一条重要生态防线,其生态环境直接影响到首都北京和华北地区的生态安全。精准扶贫是党和政府推动国家发展的重要战略目标。2015年11月-2017年1月,采用入户访问和半结构访谈的方式,对阿拉善盟开展社区发展基金项目的4个嘎查(村)的农户进行随机问卷调查。并分别在2005年、2008年、2015年对其中两个嘎查参与社区发展基金项目的15位农户的家庭收入和产业结构进行跟踪调查研究。结果表明:该区域将已有社区发展基金项目和政府精准扶贫重点项目相结合,实现了政府资本、社会资本(SEE)、民间资本(村民)的整合和统筹使用,提高了公共资金的使用效率;参加社区发展基金项目后,社区村民的收入结构和产业结构发生了大幅变化,促进了农业的转型升级,即提升了村民的自我管理能力,拓展了村民的收入来源,减轻了村民对区域自然资源的依赖程度,有利于村民的减贫和区域可持续发展。该区域集政府资本、社会资本(SEE)、民间资本(村民)等多方资金为一体的社区发展基金项目,为荒漠复合生态系统的建设和区域经济可持续发展提供了借鉴,是我国当前生态文明建设的有益尝试。