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881.
A Combined Park Management Framework Based on Regulatory and Behavioral Strategies: Use of Visitors' Knowledge to Assess Effectiveness 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
KOSTANTINOS PAPAGEORGIOU 《Environmental management》2001,28(1):61-73
In light of the increasing mandate for greater efficiency in conservation of natural reserves such as national parks, the
present study suggests educational approaches as a tool to achieve conservation purposes. Currently, the management of human–wildlife
interactions is dominated by regulatory strategies, but considerable potential exists for environmental education to enhance
knowledge in the short run and to prompt attitude change in the long run. A framework for conservation based on both traditional
regulatory- and behavior-oriented strategies was proposed whereby the level of knowledge that park visitors have acquired
comprises an obvious outcome and establishes a basis upon which the effectiveness of regulatory- and behavior-based regimes
could be assessed. The perceptions regarding park-related issues of two distinct visitor groups (locals and nonlocals) are
summarized from a survey undertaken in Vikos-Aoos national park. The findings suggest a superficial knowledge for certain
concepts but little profound understanding of the content of such concepts, indicating that knowledge-raising efforts should
go a long way towards establishing a positive attitude for the resource. Visitors' poor knowledge of the park's operation
regulation contest the efficiency of the presently dominant regulatory management regime. While geographical distances did
not appear to significantly differentiate knowledge between the two groups, wilderness experience (as certified by visits
to other parks) was proved to be an impetus for generating substantial learner interest in critical park issues among nonlocal
visitors. School education and media were found to be significant knowledge providers. 相似文献
882.
KEVIN M. BROWN R. MICHAEL ERWIN MILO E. RICHMOND P. A. BUCKLEY JOHN T. TANACREDI DAVE AVRIN 《Environmental management》2001,28(2):207-224
During the 1980s, the exponential growth of laughing gull (Larus atricilla) colonies, from 15 to about 7600 nests in 1990, in the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge and a correlated increase in the bird-strike
rate at nearby John F. Kennedy International Airport (New York City) led to a controversy between wildlife and airport managers
over the elimination of the colonies. In this paper, we review data to evaluate if: (1) the colonies have increased the level
of risk to the flying public; (2) on-colony population control would reduce the presence of gulls, and subsequently bird strikes,
at the airport; and (3) all on-airport management alternatives have been adequately implemented. Since 1979, most (2987, 87%)
of the 3444 bird strikes (number of aircraft struck) were actually bird carcasses found near runways (cause of death unknown
but assumed to be bird strikes by definition). Of the 457 pilot-reported strikes (mean = 23 ± 6 aircraft/yr, N= 20 years), 78 (17%) involved laughing gulls. Since a gull-shooting program was initiated on airport property in 1991, over
50,000 adult laughing gulls have been killed and the number of reported bird strikes involving laughing gulls has declined
from 6.9 ± 2.9 (1983–1990) to 2.6 ± 1.3 (1991–1998) aircraft/yr; nongull reported bird strikes, however, have more than doubled
(6.4 ± 2.6, 1983–1990; 14.9 ± 5.1, 1991–1998). We found no evidence to indicate that on-colony management would yield a reduction
of bird strikes at Kennedy Airport. Dietary and mark–recapture studies suggest that 60%–90% of the laughing gulls collected
on-airport were either failed breeders and/or nonbreeding birds. We argue that the Jamaica Bay laughing gull colonies, the
only ones in New York State, should not be managed at least until all on-airport management alternatives have been properly
implemented and demonstrated to be ineffective at reducing bird strikes, including habitat alterations and increasing the
capability of the bird control unit to eliminate bird flocks on-airport using nonlethal bird dispersal techniques. Because
the gull-shooting program may be resulting in a nonsustainable regional population of laughing gulls (>30% decline), we also
recommend that attempts be made to initiate an experimental colony elsewhere on Long Island to determine if colony relocation
is a feasible management option. 相似文献
883.
Eric Tabacchi Anne‐Marie Planty Tabacchi 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2001,37(6):1629-1637
ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the spatial patterns of plant species richness observed in 1989 and in 1999 alongside the Adour River (Southwest France), focussing on: (1) upstream‐to‐down‐stream changes, (2) mid‐term changes, and (3) differences in observed patterns among various plant functional groups. The purpose of the research was to analyze how the proportions of invading species and/or ruderal species within riparian corridors can be related to regional environmental settings. About half of native and exotic species were ruderals. However, the proportion of competitors was higher within the native pool. No correlation was found between exotic and native functional groups. The longitudinal distribution of native and exotic ruderal species were correlated together, but they were not correlated with the total species richness. Converse to observations at the local scale in other studies, these patterns seem to be driven more by factors co‐varying with the size of the river and by climatic factors than by hydrological disturbance‐related factors. The role of the various plant groups studied and potential consequences on ecosystem function are discussed in the context of an increasing susceptibility of our ripanan corridors to invasions by nonriparian species. Management perspectives are discussed for the purpose of biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
884.
董国永 《中国安全科学学报》2001,11(2):1-6
介绍了中国石油天然气集团公司 (CNPC)建立 HSE(健康、安全、环境 )管理体系的基本思路、现状和发展趋势。CNPC基于国际石油工业勘探和开发 (E& P)论坛 HSE指南及中华人民共和国石油和天然气工业行业标准《石油工业健康安全环境管理体系》(SY/ T62 76- 1 997)建立的HSE管理体系 ,有机的融入了 ISO90 0 0、ISO1 4 0 0 0 ,以及 OHS(职业安全卫生 )管理体系的内容 ,经过3年多的实践 ,在健康、安全与环境管理方面取得了显著的绩效 相似文献
885.
企业消防管理工作研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对企业消防安全管理现状进行了分析 ,指出企业消防安全管理在指导思想上、管理方法上存在的主要问题 ;提出了综合专职消防队伍、义务消防队伍、岗位操作人员“三位一体”的“大消防”消防管理理念以及规范消防演习的基本思路 ;针对管理中存在的问题提出了改进办法 相似文献
886.
洁净室空气洁净度评价的模糊模式识别方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
洁净室空气洁净程度的高低属于模糊概念,将各评价样本实测指标矩阵转变为相对隶属度矩阵,同时将各标准模式指标标准值矩阵转变为指标准相对隶属度矩阵,以全体样本对于各标准模式间的加权广义距离平方和最小建立目标函数,经构造拉格朗日函数,建立了洁净室空气洁净度评价的模糊模式识别模型。斗净室洁净程度评价是一个多目标评价问题,提出了确定指标权重的主、客观结合法,即先建立求解各指标权重的迭代模型并求出指标权重的初始值,然后根据评价的经验,采用重要性语气算子调整各指标的相对隶属度,对初始值进行调整,归一化后得到合理的指标权重值,经计算实例验证,本建立的模式识别方法物理意义明确,评价结果符合实际。 相似文献
887.
Komal Habib Jannick H. Schmidt Per Christensen 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(9):1926-1933
The Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) sector has developed considerably during the past century, paving the way for maximum resource (materials and energy) recovery and minimising environmental impacts such as global warming associated with it. The current study is assessing the historical development of MSWM in the municipality of Aalborg, Denmark throughout the period of 1970 to 2010, and its implications regarding Global Warming Potential (GWP100), using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. Historical data regarding MSW composition, and different treatment technologies such as incineration, recycling and composting has been used in order to perform the analysis. The LCA results show a continuous improvement in environmental performance of MSWM from 1970 to 2010 mainly due to the changes in treatment options, improved efficiency of various treatment technologies and increasing focus on recycling, resulting in a shift from net emission of 618 kg CO2-eq. tonne?1 to net saving of 670 kg CO2-eq. tonne?1 of MSWM. 相似文献
888.
中国城市空气污染呈区域化和恶化趋势,亟需突破当前空气质量管理模式的制约.从管理体制和管理内容两方面对美国空气质量政府管理模式的先进经验进行了分析,并与北京市空气质量管理模式进行了初步比较,得出中国空气质量政府管理模式缺乏外部性的考虑;政府部门内部机构按照行政管理过程划分,导致管理成本偏高;决策机制与执行机制未分离,影响行政效率;对污染源的管理不专业;缺乏信息公开和公众参与等问题.建议成立空气质量管理分局,对固定源实行排污许可证管理,对移动源实行统一综合管理,细化面源的管理,建立空气质量管理信息公开平台. 相似文献
889.
Abstract Regional vegetation pattern dynamics has a great impact on ecosystem and climate change. Remote sensing data and geographical information system (GIS) analysis were widely used in the detection of vegetation pattern dynamics. In this study, the Yellow River Delta was selected as the study area. By using 1986, 1993, 1996, 1999 and 2005 remote sensing data as basic information resource, with the support of GIS, a wetland vegetation spatial information dataset was built up. Through selecting the land-scape metrics such as class area (CA), class percent of landscape (PL), number of patch (NP), largest patch index (LPI) and mean patch size (MPS) etc., the dynamics of vegetation pattern was analyzed. The result showed that the change of vegetation pattern is significant from 1986 to 2005. From 1986–1999, the area of the vegetation, the percent of vegetation, LPI and MPS decreased, the NP increased, the vegetation pattern tends to be fragmental. The decrease in vegetation area may well be explained by the fact of the nature environment evolution (Climate change and decrease in Yellow River runoff) and the increase in the population in the Yellow River Delta. However, from 1999–2005, the area of the vegetation, the percent of vegetation, LPI and MPS increased, while the NP decreased. This trend of restoration may be due to the implementation of water resources regulation for the Yellow River Delta since 1999. 相似文献
890.
Klaus J. Zink 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):279-290
AbstractIn the past, many so-called management concepts were not very successful because of their fragmented approach. This is also true for topics like safety and quality. Here, technical aspects often predominated while disregarding the equally important need for a change of attitude. On the other hand, awareness was created by timely limited programmes.The paper deals with integrating quality and safety in holistic (management) concepts, which are described first before being discussed in detail. 相似文献