Implementation and evaluation of the Safety Element Method at four mining sites

The Safety Element Method (SEM) is a method for improvements of safety results and safety approaches in the Norwegian mining industry. The method is developed by users and researchers in co-operation. The main approach of the method is that a group of organisational members assesses the current and desired situation for their own organisation within defined areas. Based on this assessment they work out a strategy and action plan to reach the internal goals for desired achievement, i.e. the desired situation defined. This article presents the implementation of the method in four mining companies and evaluates the method for its construct validity, criterion validity, face validity, how the method functions and is accepted among the users. The results show that the opinions regarding the experiences with the method are, on the whole, positive. The method is regarded as a valuable approach towards safety improvements. Subjective assessments play a prominent role in SEM, but these assessments are supported by an extensive review of empirical data such as accident reports, interview results and a questionnaire. This means that the internal assessments correspond well to the safety results of the companies and also to the independent external reviews carried out by the researcher.     

Mining compatibility with other projects in Spain: Solutions and benefits

Mining activities are compatible with other activities in space and time if they are developed together and adapted to each other. If permits are required for two projects that are not considered to be compatible, the authorities will be forced to decide which one has prevalence. In the event of conflict or dispute, it is always preferable to attempt to seek compatibility between projects rather than waste time, effort and money on contesting the prevalence decision, as costly and lengthy lawsuits will only delay the development of both projects, with the resulting loss of business opportunities. In this article, technical solutions designed to achieve mining compatibility with other projects are described in terms of benefits and synergies for the projects and benefits for the government that avoid complex decisions and proceedings and optimize revenues.     

Analysis of work related accidents in the Spanish mining sector from 1982-2006

Introduction

The rate for work related accidents in the Spanish mining sector is notably higher than in other countries such as the United States. It produces a very negative impact on the mining industry. This paper is the report of a study on serious and fatal accidents in Spanish mining from 1982-2006. It is based on the reports of 212 accidents (serious or fatal) carried out by the General Management of Energy and Mining of Catalonia (Spain). Method: The high work-related accident rate in the Spanish mining sector makes it necessary to carry out an analysis and research that can shed light on the causes of this high rate; this is the only way that a solution can be found. The study is based on Feyer and Williamson's analysis of accident causes, as they apply to 212 accidents. The types and causes of the accidents are coded according to the coding system used by the Spanish National Institute for Safety and Hygiene in the Workplace, which allows us to identify a series of direct causes and contributing factors in different accidents. Results If all the causes and factors that are present in the accidents are known, we are able to look for appropriate solutions to reduce them as much as possible. In short, we are able to come up with a series of conclusions that expose the weak links in the management of accident prevention in companies. This is helpful in the struggle to reduce work injuries in the Spanish mining sector.     

基于GIS的城市工程地质环境质量变权评价

城市工程地质环境质量传统评价方法中,指标权重确定后,无论各指标值如何变化,指标权重值总是固定不变,无法反映各项指标内部差异性对城市工程地质环境质量的影响,进而影响评价结果的客观公正性。为此,将变权原理引入城市工程地质环境质量评价。根据城市工程地质环境特点及评价精度要求,构建城市工程地质环境质量评价指标体系,采用分段强惩罚-激励型变权模型,并结合GIS空间分析功能对其进行评价。以郑州市为例,采用常权和变权两种方法对其工程地质环境质量进行评价。结果表明,变权评价结果与常权评价结果趋势性较为一致,且变权评价结果比常权评价结果更易区分评价等级,在一定程度上避免了常权法在权重分配中的缺陷,充分体现了各项评价指标内部差异性对城市工程地质环境质量整体性的影响,提高了城市工程地质环境质量评价等级的可信度。     

大伙房水库上游矿产企业的潜在风险研究

对大伙房水库上游矿产企业尾矿库进行样品采集,分析其矿渣及渗滤液特征污染因子含量,并与库区沉积物中重金属含量进行比对,结果表明:金矿、铜矿的尾矿库对水库水质安全潜在威胁较大,铁矿次之,分析其污染成因,提出防范措施。     

跨湖桥独木舟遗址区地下水渗流场模拟研究

独木舟遗址位于浙江省萧山区,是浙江省迄今为止发现最早的新石器时代文化遗存。现场踏勘发现,破坏遗址原址保护主要环境地质病害是水的问题。通过对该遗址区水文地质条件的分析,建立了遗址区水文地质概念模型和数学模型;运用地下水数值模拟软件Modflow模拟遗址区原始地下水分布;将模拟区地形图与模型模拟结果进行比较,发现它们具极大的相似性,这说明模拟的结果是符合实际情况的。     

遥感技术在矿区生态环境评价中的应用

利用遥感技术对矿区生态环境进行评价是一种新兴的、快速有效的方法.选取肥城矿区为研究区,利用Landsat ETM+遥感影像,通过计算机自动计算与手工屏幕矢量化相结合的方式进行遥感信息提取,统计出肥城矿区各土地利用类型的面积和河流长度.根据统计信息计算各类生态指数,对肥城矿区进行生态环境评价.评价结果显示,肥城矿区生态环境等级为良,基本适合人类生存.     

开采地下水引起地面变形的分析

本文模拟开采地下水引起的地面变形机制，建立了一个分析开采地下水引起的地面变形的有限元方法。这个方法可以考虑由于开采地下水引起的土自重的变化，土承受的渗透力的变化，以及承压含水层中水压力及渗透力的变化。在分析中还考虑了土的非均质性及力学非线性性能。分析了一个算例以说明这个分析方法的功能及其适用性。分析结果表明，开采地下水引起的沉降和径向变形对工程的影响是同样重要的，它们在数值上具有相同的数量级；而且，沉降主要是由土自重的变化引起的，径向变形主要是由渗透力的径向分量的变化引起的。此外，这个分析方法可以把开采地下水做为一个过程，分阶段地分析所引起的地面变形     

综采工作面粉尘运移和粉尘浓度三维分布的数值模拟研究

分析了综采工作面流场及粉尘分布的特点 ,视工作面含尘风流为气 粒两相流 ,建立了描述综采工作面风流中粉尘运动和浓度分布的数学模型。采用计算流体力学的有限容积法求解 ,编制了模拟计算综采工作面三维空间内风速和粉尘浓度分布的计算机程序