Assessment and mapping of environmental quality in agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province, China

Heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province were monitored to indicate the status of heavy metal contamination and assess environmental quality of agricultural soils. A total of 908 soil samples were collected from 38 counties in Zbejiang Province and eight heavy metal （Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni and As） concentrations had been evaluated in agricultural soil. It was found 775 samples were unpolluted and 133 samples were slightly polluted and more respectively, that is approximately 14.65% agricultural soil samples had the heavy metal concentration above the threshold level in this province by means of Nemerow＇s synthetical pollution index method according to the second grade of Standards for Soil Environmental Quality of China （GB15618- 1995）. Contamination of Cd was the highest, followed by Ni, As and Zn were lower correspondingly. Moreover, Inverse Distance Weighted （IDW） interpolation method was used to make an assessment map of soil environmental quality based on the Nemerow＇s pollution index and the soil environmental quality was categorized into five grades. Moreover, ten indices were calculated as input parameters for principal component analysis （PCA） and the principal components （PCs） were created to compare environmental quality of different soils and regions. The results revealed that environmental quality of tea soils was better than that of paddy soils, vegetable soils and fruit soils. This study indicated that GIS combined with multivariate statistical approaches proved to be effective and powerful tool in the mapping of soil contamination distribution and the assessment of soil environmental quality on provincial scale, which is beneficial to environmental protection and management decision-making by local government.     

湿式高效除尘脱硫装置的试验研究

本文介绍了一种高效除尘脱硫装置三相流化床的性能和原理，并对三相流化床除尘脱硫工业中试系统的试验结果进行了分析。试验表明三相流化床除尘效率可达９５６脱硫效率达７０％，运行安全可靠。     

国际土地利用/覆盖变化模型研究综述

国际上对土地利用/覆盖变化的研究由来已久,近年由于土地利用/覆盖变化对全球变化的贡献及响应,预测土地利用/覆盖变化成为必然。由此,越来越多的科学家致力于研究土地利用/覆盖变化模型,并取得了积极进展。论文介绍了目前国际上土地利用/覆盖变化模型的一些相关问题:①土地利用/覆盖变化模拟的尺度依赖性;②土地利用/覆盖变化模拟的数据问题;③预测土地利用/覆盖变化的位置与数量。回顾了已有的5种主要的土地利用/覆盖变化模型:①基于行为者的土地利用/覆盖变化模型;②经验统计模型;③最优化模型;④混合/综合模型;⑤动力模拟模型。最后总结了现有模型中存在的问题,并探讨了今后土地利用/覆盖变化模型发展的方向。     

生物堆修复城市多环芳烃污染土壤的调控研究

土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)污染已成为一种严重的全球性城市环境问题。以通风时间、绿肥、无机营养剂和疏松剂含量为调控因素,利用现场规模的正交试验进行了生物堆修复城市多环芳烃污染土壤的调控研究。结果表明,所有生物堆处理对土壤PAHs的去除均有一定促进作用,75 d时平均降解率为30.63%~80.41%,且深层土壤降解率比表层土壤高8.55%;运行期间各调控因素对不同深度土壤PAHs降解的影响程度和作用规律各不相同,其中通风时间始终是主导因素,且通风时间越长,降解效果越好;生物堆的最佳运行条件总体上为通风时间3 h、绿肥3.5%、营养剂0.2%、疏松剂18%(表层土壤)或14%(深层土壤)。因此,利用生物堆修复城市PAHs污染土壤是有效的,且增加通风时间是提高其修复效率的优先调控方式。     

Feasibility and simulation model of a pilot scale membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment and reuse from Chinese traditional medicine

The lack and pollution of water resource make wastewater reuse necessary. The pilot scale long-term tests for submerged membrane bioreactor were conducted to treat the effluents of anaerobic or aerobic treatment process for the high-strength Chinese traditional medicine wastewater. This article was focused on the feasibility of the wastewater treatment and reuse at shorter hydraulic retention time （HRT） of 5.0, 3.2 and 2.13 h. MLSS growth, membrane flux, vacuum values and chemical cleaning periods were also investigated. The experimental results of treating two-phase anaerobic treatment effluent demonstrated that the CODfilt was less than 100 mg/L when the influent COD was between 500-10000 mg/L at HRT of 5.0 h, which could satisfy the normal discharged standard in China. The experimental results to treat cross flow aerobic reactor effluent demonstrated that the average value of CODfilt was 17.28 mg/L when the average value of influent COD was 192.84 mg/L at HRT of 2.13 h during 106 d, which could completely meet the normal standard for water reuse. The maximum MLSS and MLVSS reached 24000 and 14500 mg/L at HRT of 3.2 h respectively. Membrane flux had maximal resume degrees of 94.7% at vacuum value of 0.02 MPa after cleaning. Chemical cleaning periods of membrane module were 150 d. A simulation model of operational parameters was also established based on the theory of back propagation neural network and linear regression of traditional mathematical model. The simulation model showed that the optimum operational parameters were suggested as follows： HRT was 5.0 h, SRT was 100 d, the range of COD loading rate was between 10.664-20.451 kg/（m3.d）, the range of MLSS was between 7543-13694 mg/L.     

燃煤火电厂闭路除灰系统结垢及其防治的研究现状

对燃煤火电厂闭路除灰系统结垢及其防治的研究现状进行了叙述和分析，对该领域的研究和发展动向提出了自己的见解     

小尺度精细化大气污染源排放清单的建立——以上海宝山区为例

工业密集区域具有复杂的排放特征,是目前排放清单建立的难点之一.以上海市宝山区为研究区域,采用自下而上的方式建立了工业密集区域的精细化大气污染物排放清单.通过整合多套现有的污染源数据库,对排放量估算进行质量控制,提高各污染物排放量估算的准确性;运用现场勘查和GPS定位对排放口进行定位,以弥补数据库中定位数据的缺失,并提高排放口定位数据的精确度.结果表明:工业区污染排放特征不同于一般区域,建议在小尺度排放清单的研制中需要特别关注.同时探索了在小尺度区域建立精细化污染源排放清单的可行性以及可能存在的问题,将为大尺度排放清单的建立提供有益的参考.     

“三水”统筹视角下京津冀地区城市水生态环境保护策略分析

明确京津冀地区水生态环境保护方向与策略,对于实现京津冀水生态环境保护和高质量协同发展,以及2035年美丽中国建设目标具有重大意义.在水资源、水环境、水生态的“三水”统筹视角下,面向京津冀地区水生态环境管理问题和需求,以重点城市作为基本分析单元,从“三水”以及社会经济发展水平、污染物排放量和环境治理力度这6个维度研究构建水生态环境保护策略分析体系,为量化水生态环境保护水平提供逻辑框架.在设立理想值的基础上应用PROMETHEE-GAIA方法分析京津冀各城市水生态环境现状与理想值之间的差距,因地制宜制定各个城市水生态环境保护策略.结果显示水生态环境保护综合水平从高到低依次为：北京市>天津市>秦皇岛市>衡水市>张家口市>廊坊市>净流(Phi)均值>邯郸市>承德市>沧州市>保定市>唐山市>石家庄市>邢台市,各城市水生态环境保护水平距离理想值仍有不小的差距;分别从单维度和单指标层次分析得到各城市水生态环境保护的优势和劣势,在此基础上,提出京津冀区域城市未来水生态环境保护策略,助力京津冀地区水生态环境保护.     

村域尺度旅游效率空间分异及形成机理——以洛阳市375个旅游村为例

以“人地业”耦合协调、旅游系统为理论基础,构建了乡村旅游效率评价体系,识别并分析影响效率的因素和机理。在此基础上,结合使用洛阳市375个旅游村调研数据、地理数据、交通数据,综合运用地理探测器、Bootstrap-DEA、冷热点分析方法,围绕乡村旅游资源的配置效率、空间格局及形成机理开展实证研究。研究发现：综合技术效率平均值达到0.41,洛阳市乡村旅游效率偏低;旅游综合技术效率高值区具有显著集聚性,高值区分布具有显著的交通指向性;影响综合技术效率及空间分异的主要因素是村域人口密度、地形条件、贫困村因素。从系统论角度揭示系统要素、系统结构、系统间嵌套对村域旅游效率的影响,可为乡村旅游发展要素配置与制度安排提供科学依据。     

基于人居尺度的中国城市热岛强度时空变化及其驱动因子解析

全球变暖的大背景下城市地表热环境的日趋恶化是全球现代城市共同面临的生态环境问题之一,对城市地区居民的身心健康、空气质量改善以及植被生长发育等诸多方面造成不利影响.本文利用2001～2018 年时间序列MODIS 地表温度数据产品,基于一致性方法对我国1 232个主要城镇人居斑块(面积＞10 km2)的热岛强度及其时空变...