生物炭负载P掺杂g-C3N4复合光催化剂制备及其对萘光催化降解机制

采用农业资源废弃物玉米秸秆为生物质原材料,双氰胺为前驱物,（NH₄）₂HPO₄为磷源,通过高温煅烧和浸渍法成功制备了可循环使用的生物炭负载P掺杂g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂,并采用X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、紫外可见漫反射（UV-vis DRS）和光致发光光谱（PL）等手段对所制备样品的化学结构、表观形貌和光学特性进行了表征.结果表明,成功将P元素引入g-C₃N₄结构中,可有效改变其能带结构,降低其光生载流子复合几率;此外,生物炭作为载体,具有较好的稳定性和特殊的光电性能,不仅有利于g-C₃N₄的光电荷分离,还可提高其对可见光的响应能力.选取多环芳烃萘作为研究对象来探究不同种类光催化剂的光催化性能及对萘的去除效率.结果表明,质量比为1：1的生物炭负载P掺杂g-C₃N₄对萘表现出了最优的光催化性能,去除率为76.41%,一级动力学反应速率常数为0.0084 min^-1,是纯g-C₃N₄的3.1倍.此外,通过自由基捕获实验提出了光催化降解萘的可能机理.     

响应面法优化养殖水体中炔雌醇的固相萃取条件

在单因素试验、Plackett-Burman设计试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面法对养殖水体中炔雌醇(EE2)的固相萃取条件进行优化。结果表明,洗脱液体积、洗脱液组成和淋洗液体积是影响EE2固相萃取回收率的3个主要因素;EE2的最佳固相萃取条件为:水样pH值为3,进样流量为3.0 mL/min,淋洗液为体积分数为10%的甲醇水溶液,淋洗液体积7.0 mL,洗脱液为乙酸乙酯-正己烷混合溶液(体积比为9∶1),洗脱液体积12.0 mL。该条件下养殖水样中EE2固相萃取回收率为81.6%～86.7%。     

典型可燃物燃烧烟尘物化特性差异性研究

开展对典型可燃物燃烧烟尘的物化特性差异性研究,是全面了解烟尘信息的基础.基于可控条件下的燃烧试验,对典型可燃物燃烧烟尘物理特性和化学组分进行了分析.通过对比分析汽油燃烧烟尘、聚苯乙烯燃烧烟尘、ABS燃烧烟尘及柴油烟尘和正庚烷烟尘的透射电镜图片,对透射电镜图的紧凑性、复杂性及灰度值进行了深入分析,探讨了燃烧烟尘的物理差异性.利用固相微萃取-气质联用技术(SPME-GC-MS),对汽油燃烧烟尘、聚苯乙烯燃烧烟尘、ABS燃烧烟尘化学组分进行了分析和对比.通过燃烧烟尘的特征物质组分的分析,得到3种燃烧烟尘在特征物质的分布和出峰时间等方面的差异性.这些差异性可作为对烟尘来源及燃烧条件等因素判别的依据.     

Do Polynomials Adequately Describe the Hypsometry of Monadnock Phase Watersheds?

Hypsometry has been shown to be a useful tool in geomorphic analysis of watersheds with the use of third‐degree polynomial equations to express the hypsometric curve. Despite its usefulness with watersheds in the equilibrium stage, the third‐degree polynomial has been found to be inadequate to describe the hypsometry of Monadnock phase watersheds. Three other equations — a modified third‐degree polynomial with a rational term, a sigmoidal model, and a double exponential — were used to determine hypsometric attributes of 32 Monadnock phase watersheds and compared to the third‐degree polynomial form. The three other equations were found to be better fits for Monadnock phase watersheds than the third‐degree polynomial equation, regardless of which ratio — area or elevation — was plotted as the independent variable. Due to the occasional failure of each functional form to give logical values for hypsometric attributes, the importance of using more than one form equation is discussed. After determining the best‐fit equation for each watershed, the usefulness of hypsometric attributes is discussed in relation to erosion processes within Monadnock phase watersheds.     

加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取-高效液相色谱/三重四级杆质谱法测定土壤中6种喹诺酮类抗生素残留

为测定污染土壤中的6种低残留喹诺酮类抗生素(氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、恶喹酸),全面优化了一种联合加速溶剂萃取(ASE)、固相萃取(SPE)和高效液相色谱/三重四级杆质谱(HPLC/MSMS) 3种检测技术的分析方法。样品采用甲醇和0.1 mol/L EDTA-McIlvaine缓冲液(1∶1)进行加速溶剂萃取,经Bond Elut Plexa型HLB固相萃取小柱富集纯化,土壤中6种喹诺酮类抗生素的基质效应因子控制在0.84～1.04。在0.2～100.0μg/L(以恶喹酸计)质量浓度范围内,目标化合物的线性关系良好(r>0.999),6种目标化合物的检出限为0.09～0.75μg/kg,加标回收率为60.9%～89.9%。该方法自动化程度和准确度较高,可极大程度地降低基质效应,提高测定方法的灵敏度,适用于土壤中喹诺酮类抗生素残留的检测。     

相转移催化合成新型含硫氧螯合树脂

1　IntroductionAseveryoneknown ,chelatingresincontainingheteroatomsuchassulfur,nitrogen ,andoxygenpossessexcellentadsorptionandselectivitypropertiesformetalions,especiallyfornoblemetallicions.Therefore ,manyeffortshavebeendonetopreparetheabove mentionedre…     

Preconcentration of cadmium and copper ions on magnetic core–shell nanoparticles for determination by flame atomic absorption

Magnetic core–shell nanoparticles modified by (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxy silane were prepared and used as adsorbent for the extraction and preconcentration of cadmium and copper ions. The ions were desorbed with nitric acid followed by determination with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The extraction conditions were investigated systematically. The method was applied for the determination of Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions in different water samples. The accuracy was also evaluated through analysis of certified reference material.     

相变储能光伏太阳能热泵干燥系统的研究

建立了相变储能光伏太阳能热泵干燥系统实验平台,介绍了系统的运行方式以及太阳能光伏集热蒸发器与直流压缩机的匹配计算,最后对实验数据进行了分析。结果表明,太阳能辐照量为800 W/m~2、光伏集热蒸发器面积为12 m~2的条件下,系统制热功率为10 k W,太阳能光伏集热蒸发器发电量为6.2 k W·h,大于直流压缩机的耗电量,满足供电要求;实验所得系统COP为3.25。相变储能可以解决太阳辐照波动导致的系统运行不稳定问题,具有显著的节能性和环保性。     

Facilitating substance phase‐out through material information systems and improving environmental impacts in the recycling stage of a product

The amount of electrical and electronic products is increasing rapidly, and this inevitably leads to the generation of large quantities of waste from these goods. Some of the generated e‐waste ends up in regions with sub‐standard recycling systems and may be processed under poor conditions. During uncontrolled incineration, halogenated dioxins and furans can be generated from brominated and chlorinated compounds in the products. In order to reduce the health and environmental risks involved in the recycling stage of the life cycle of electronics, an effective design‐for‐environment process must be established during the product development phase. Knowledge of the chemical substances in the product is crucial to being able to make informed decisions. Through full knowledge of the material content of procured components, phase‐outs of unwanted substances, such as halogenated substances, can be performed in an effective manner. Therefore, information is the key to success in phasing‐out substances; facilitating compliance of legal provisions for manufacturers of electrical and electronic devices; and improving the environmental footprint of products as they reach the end of the life cycle. After an introduction to the challenges of electronics waste management, this paper describes supply chain information systems and how they are used to facilitate substance phase‐outs in the electronics industry. Sony Ericsson has been working with phase‐outs of unwanted substances since it was founded in 2001. Through the introduction of a material declaration system that keeps track of all substances in the components used in the company's products, Sony Ericsson has been able to replace unwanted substances to improve environmental impacts at the recycling stage of a product.     

猪粪中典型类固醇雌激素的固相萃取/GC-MS检测

以猪粪中常见且具有较大潜在危害的E1(雌酮),17α-E2(17α-雌二醇),17β-E2(17β-雌二醇)和E3(雌三醇)为研究对象,建立了猪粪中这4种典型类固醇雌激素的GC-MS(气相色谱-质谱)分析检测方法.着重优化了样品的前处理方法,包括对超声提取剂、超声提取时间、固相萃取淋洗剂、衍生化温度和时间的优化选择.结果表明:在优化的试验条件下,猪粪中的典型雌激素E1,17α-E2,17β-E2和E3检出限分别为8.0,2.5,5.1和3.3 μg/kg,平均加标回收率在92.3%～137.4%之间.