颗粒床过滤中的惯性碰撞效应研究

在实验的基础上,得到了计算单个颗粒惯性碰撞收集效率的经验方程式。结果表明,气溶胶粒子的粒径越大,惯性碰撞越显著;气体流速的增加有利于粒子的惯性沉积;沙介质的粒径越小,气溶胶粒子的惯性碰撞效应越高,穿透率也就越低。     

Genotoxicity evaluation and a primary risk assessment of organic pollutants in the drinking water sources of Nanjing, China

An increasing number of industrial, agricultural, and commercial chemicals in the aquatic environment leads to various deleterious effects on organisms, which is becoming an increasingly serious problem in China. In this study, the comet assay was conducted to investigate the genotoxicity to human body caused by organic concentrates in the drinking water sources of Nanjing City from Yangtze River of China, and health and ecology risk due to expose to these organic pollutants were evaluated with the multimedia environmental assessment system （MEAS）. For all the water samples, they were collected from four different locations in the drinking water sourcr samples, es of Nanjing City. The results of the comet assay showed that all the organic concentrates from the water samples could induce different levels DNA damages on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and a statistically significant difference （p〈0.01） was observed compared with the solvent control, which demonstrated the genotoxicity was in existence. According to the ambient severity （AS） of individual compound, we had sorted out the main organic pollutants in the drinking water source of the four waterworks, and the results showed that there was some potential hazard to human body for all the source water, namely the total ambient severity （TAS） of health for each water source was more than 1. However, the TAS of ecology for each water source was less than 1, which indicated that it was safe to ecology. The results of this investigation demonstrate the application of the comet assay and the MEAS in aquatic environmental monitoring studies, and the comet assay found to be fast, sensitive, and suitable for genotoxicity monitoring programs of drinking water source.     

南京城市土壤重金属含量及空间分布特征

研究了南京城市土壤重金属含量、来源及空间分布特征。结果表明,南京城市土壤中V、Mn、Co、Ni、Cr污染不明显,但受到了不同程度的Cu、Pb、Zn、Sb、Hg、Cd污染,其中Hg污染比较严重。V、Mn、Co、Ni、Cr含量之间均呈极显著正相父;Cu、Pb、Zn、Sb、Hg、Cd含量之间也均呈极显著正相关。南京城市土壤V、Mn、Co、Ni、Cr主要继承了原土物质;Hg、Cd、Pb主要来源于城市燃煤、机动车尾气及工厂排放粉尘;Sb主要来源于机动车尾气和工厂排放粉尘。南京城市土壤Hg、Cd、Pb、Sb含量空间分布规律非常相似,均表现为外围向市中心有逐渐增加的趋势,并且在新街口—鼓楼、梅山硫铁矿形成异常高值的岛状、环状区域。     

南京市大厂区水环境管理信息系统建设

环境管理信息系统是环境保护工作的重要技术支持手段,本文介绍了南京市大厂区水环境管理信息系统的建设。本系统不但提供了普通管理信息系统的决策支持功能,而且考虑系统的不断更新和环境信息的空间特征,本普通信息系统的基础上嵌入了地理信息系统模块,使得本管理信息系统功能在普通管理功能的基础上有了很大的拓展,可以为未来的管理,规划和决策提供良好的服务。     

基于Logistic回归分析的煤自燃多级预警方法研究

为实现煤自燃过程的精细分级与自燃隐患的精确预警,保障井下煤自燃防治工作有效开展和煤炭资源安全开采.以甘肃王家山矿202工作面煤样为测试对象,采用煤自然发火试验与程序升温试验手段模拟煤体自然发火过程.测定煤自燃指标气体等特性参数数据,分析相关指标气体特征,将煤自燃过程划分为稳定、波动和剧烈反应3大区间.通过处理指标数据以...     

Chemical composition and quantitative relationship between meteorological condition and fine particles in Beijing

The recent year‘s monitor results of Beijing indicated that the pollution level of fine particles PM2.5 showed an increasing trend. To understand pollution characteristics of PM2.5 and its relationship with the meteorological conditions in Beijing, a one-year monitoring of PM2.5 mass concentration and correspondent meteorological parameters was performed in Beijing in 2001. The PM2.5 levels in Beijing were very high, the annual average PM2.5 concentration in 2001 was 7 times of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards proposed by US EPA. The major chemical compositions were organics, sulfate, crustals and nitrate. It was found that the mass concentrations of PM2.5 were influenced by meteorological conditions. The correlation between the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and the relative humidity was found. And the correlation became closer at higher relative humidity. And the mass concentrations of PM2.5 were negtive-correlated to wind speeds, but the correlation between the mass concentration of PM2.5 and wind speed was not good at stronger wind.     

南京河西淤泥质粉质粘土卸荷回弹变形研究

通过大量室内固结回弹试验,研究了南京河西地区淤泥质粉质粘土的卸荷回弹变形规律.固结-回弹-再压缩曲线表明该地区淤泥质粉质粘土的弹性变形要比其塑性变形量小得多,卸荷再压缩后,土体的压缩性也明显降低;通过分析卸荷比和回弹率、回弹应变以及回弹模量的关系曲线,确定了该地区淤泥质粉质粘土的临界卸荷比和极限卸荷比指标,从而可以确定...     

郑州地区双线盾构隧道开挖对桩基础内力与位移的影响

为研究粉细砂层地区盾构隧道下穿建筑物对桩基础内力与位移的影响,以郑州粉细砂层地区盾构施工为例,采用有限元软件 MIDAS-GTS NX 建立地铁盾构隧道下穿建筑物的三维实体模型,分析盾构隧道下穿建筑物的不同阶段对桩体位移、内力的影响。结果表明:在郑州粉细砂层地区进行盾构施工时,盾构工程对桩基础底部位移的影响较大,位移最大值大多发生在桩底;盾构施工对桩身轴力的影响表现为桩身轴力最大值位于距隧道1倍洞径范围内。在进行双线盾构隧道施工时,应在临近、远离2个阶段注意工程的安全与防护问题,并采取相应的预防和保护措施。     

灰砂砖砌体力学性能试验研究

通过对灰砂砖砌体的基本力学性能试验研究 ,揭示了其破坏特征及影响因素 ,取得了有关数据 ,并与文献 [1]计算值进行了比较 ,阐明灰砂砖可用于抗震设计的砌体房屋。     

南京长江隧道火灾数值模拟

以南京长江隧道为研究背景,运用火灾动力学模拟软件PYROSIM建立实体物理模型,并将空间划分为0.1 ×0.1 ×0.1m3的网格,对南京长江隧道火灾过程中的纵向通风进行模拟计算.定量分析了不同通风速率条件下火灾及烟气蔓延的规律,并得到隧道拱顶附近温度和烟气分布状况.模拟结果显示较小风速下烟气会产生回流,但随着风速增大烟气扩散速率随之加快,通过对3种不同风速的分析比较,选择3.0m/s纵向通风作为临界风速.进一步结合南京长江隧道现有的消防设施及应急救援系统,分析该临界风速下烟气温度对隧道结构和毒害气体对人员疏散救援的影响.结果显示此临界风速下隧道结构安全,且在疏散及时、救援有效的基础上,基本能保证人员疏散安全.