Impacts of climate change on wheat development and production in the northern China

In this paper, impacts of climate change on wheat development rate and production in the northern China are discussed. The results show that the temperature is a controlling factor of development rate but the precipitation is not. The higher the temperature is. the faster the development and the shorter development period will be. Without consideration to varieties and cropping system, meteorological yield of winter wheat would decrease 170.40, 134.25, 98.70 and 97.20 kg/hm2 in the north China and 13.97, 7.95, 39.60 and 19.80 kg/hm2 in the northwest China compared with that in 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, respectively, when the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is doubled. In drought and semi-drought regions, the spring wheat yield would drop with the temperature rise in and raise with the precipitation increase. The influence of temperature on weight of leaf and stalk is also remarkable.     

Petroleum waste biodegradation with porous biomass support system (PBSS) on rotating biological contactor

A laboratory scale study was conducted to assess the feasibility of the new coupling of rotating biological contactor (RBC) plus porous biomass support system (PBSS) using polyurethane foam as porous support media to biodegrade petroleum refinery wastewater. Polyurethane foam was attached on disks of two four-stage laboratory scale cascade connected RBC units.The two RBC units were operated simultaneously at different but constant, flowrates giving hydraulic loading rates of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 m3/m2/d in two runs keeping the same rotational speed 10 r/min throughout. Organic loading was a less controllable factor in this study.For all of the hydraulic loadings, it was found that the removal efficiency of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and oil were above 80 percent. Ammonia nitrogen and phenol removal were above 90 and 80 percent respectively. The maximum biomass concentration within polyurethane foam was about 30 g/m2 in the first stage for 0.03 m3/m2/d hydraulic loading.The results show that t     

Gas chromatographic separation and determination of chloroanthracene isomers on fly ash

An efficient, reproducible and rapid fused silica capillary column gas chromatographic method, in splitless mode, for analysing of the three chloroanthracene isomers is described. The method affords efficient separation and good linearity for each isomer in the range of 0.2 -200 μg/ml. The method can also be used in separation and determination of another thirty three aromatic and their halosubstituted compounds. This paper also presents the applications of the method in analysing of complex products mixture from reaction of the selected aromatic compounds with hydrogen chloride on fly ash surface from municipal incinerator.     

学术界共谋驱散亚洲棕色云

1995～1999年间，参与大型国际合作科研计划Indian Oeean Experiment(INDOEX)的科学家在印度洋上空发现厚约3km、面积约900万km^2的棕色污染尘霾笼罩在印度洋、南亚、东南亚和中国南部上空，形象地称为亚洲棕色云。监测发现霾层是由高浓度的细颗粒物组成，成分主要是碳黑、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、有机颗粒、飞灰和矿物颗粒，霾层中还含有浓度较高的SO2、CO和各种有机气体化合物等。后来的研究表明，棕色云现象是一个世界范围内的现象。初步的评估研究表明，大气棕色云将对大气辐射通量产生显著影响，从而直接和间接地影响气候、水循环等，进而对农业、生态系统和经济产生重大影响。而笼罩在亚洲上空的棕色阴霾表明，亚洲地区的大气污染已成为全球迫切需要解决的问题。     

恶臭污染影响评价概述

对国内外恶臭污染评价的程序、方法和内容进行了概述 ,指出恶臭污染评价应以恶臭污染源表征 ,臭气浓度、臭气强度、恶臭物质的测定 ,暴露频率预测、居民投诉分析为基础。恶臭评价是控制恶臭扰民、评估恶臭削减效果的一个有力工具。     

抚顺市空气可吸入颗粒物特征的研究

于2002年1～7月份在抚顺市区四个点位采集了环境空气中的可吸入颗粒物样品，经分析后获得了可吸入颗粒物组分的时间分布和空间分布特征，即采暖期PM10样品中有机碳（OC）、元素碳（EC）的绝对含量和相对含量均高于非采暖期，工业区PM10样品中的Fe、Zn、Pb的绝对含量和相对含量均明显高于其它点位，反映了其工业区的特点。     

杀手都是含苯溶剂

2001年3月9日上午10时25分，北京某汽修厂丰田汽车维修中心综合楼进行屋顶蓄水池涂防水涂料施工，工人李某(男，23岁，某省建安防腐工程公司工人)、王某(男，39岁)先后进入综合楼顶消防水箱内刷还氧树脂涂料。水箱长6．6米，宽4米，高1．1米，为钢筋混凝土结构，顶部有一直径为0.73米     

一个研究街道峡谷流场及浓度场特征的三维数值模式

目前，研究街道峡谷内流场及机动车排放污染物的扩散行为特征所采用的主要方法为：采用野外测试法和物理模拟法，而采用三维数值模拟方法研究此问题的工作很少。本文创建了一个研究微尺度街道峡谷内流场及机动车排放污染物扩散特征的三维数值模式，即首次采用伪不定常方法，利用K——E闭合方案，建立了一个模拟城市街道峡谷内流场及污染物扩散特征与街道峡谷风场、街道几何结构及两侧建筑物高度对称性之间的复杂关系的三维数值模式。经过与实际监测资料及风洞实验对比，结果表明此三维模式具有较好的模拟精度，能够很好模拟峡谷内的风场及街谷几何结构对街道峡谷内流场及浓度场特征的影响，有很强的实用性。     

空气中易燃易爆物质浓度测定方法及爆炸危险性评估

空气中易燃易爆物质主要是指空气中存在的可燃气体和易燃液体蒸气(简称为可燃气体)。可燃气体与空气混合时遇火源可发生燃爆的最低浓度称为爆炸下限(LEL)，用容积百分数(V％)或每立方米中的毫克数表示(mg／m^3)。最高浓度称为爆炸上限。上、下限之间的爆炸浓度称为爆炸范围。     

气溶胶浓度测定器的种类和原理

编者按本文介绍了气溶胶浓度的表示方法以及各种气溶胶采样器和测量器的原理和种类，希望能给环境工作者提供参考，了解国外的测量方法和仪器种类。气溶胶的浓度和粒径分布是评价气溶胶的重要指标之一。对“浮游粒子状物质”的定义为大气中浮游的空气动力当量直径在10μm以下的粒子状物质（以下称PM10）。由于粒子的粒径不同，其对人体健康的影响也不同。一般情况下，7～0．5μm和0．2μm以下粒径的粒子对人体的影响最大，能够进入人的肺部，7．07μm以下的粒子是造成职业病“尘肺”的元凶，故测量PM10具有很重要的实际意义。在我国，测量…