高压脉冲放电等离子体处理活性红X-3B染料废水

采用高压脉冲放电等离子体技术对活性红X-3B染料废水进行处理,考察了废水电导率、脉冲电压、脉冲频率、针板间距以及曝气量对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,当废水电导率为200μS/cm、脉冲电压为34kV、脉冲频率为60Hz、针板间距为15mm、曝气量为12L/h、处理时间为60m in时,活性红X-3B染料废水脱色率能达到98.6%。     

静电激发型袋除尘器的机理及应用前景

静电激发型袋除尘器有别于常规的电袋结合除尘器,其是将电除尘器的预荷电原理作用于烟气后,利用袋除尘器的滤袋做收尘极板来收集粉尘。本文通过分析Max-9^TMESFF的结构介绍了其除尘机理,并分析了它的应用前景。     

Sensitivity and Uncertainty of Ground‐Water Discharge Estimates for Semiarid Shrublands1

Abstract: We proposed a step‐by‐step approach to quantify the sensitivity of ground‐water discharge by evapotranspiration (ET) to three categories of independent input variables. To illustrate the approach, we adopt a basic ground‐water discharge estimation model, in which the volume of ground water lost to ET was computed as the product of the ground‐water discharge rate and the associated area. The ground‐water discharge rate was assumed to equal the ET rate minus local precipitation. The objective of this study is to outline a step‐by‐step procedure to quantify the contributions from individual independent variable uncertainties to the uncertainty of total ground‐water discharge estimates; the independent variables include ET rates of individual ET units, areas associated with the ET units, and precipitation in each subbasin. The specific goal is to guide future characterization efforts by better targeting data collection for those variables most responsible for uncertainty in ground‐water discharge estimates. The influential independent variables to be included in the sensitivity analysis are first selected based on the physical characteristics and model structure. Both regression coefficients and standardized regression coefficients for the selected independent variables are calculated using the results from sampling‐based Monte Carlo simulations. Results illustrate that, while as many as 630 independent variables potentially contribute to the calculation of the total annual ground‐water discharge for the case study area, a selection of seven independent variables could be used to develop an accurate regression model, accounting for more than 96% of the total variance in ground‐water discharge. Results indicate that the variability of ET rate for moderately dense desert shrubland contributes to about 75% of the variance in the total ground‐water discharge estimates. These results point to a need to better quantify ET rates for moderately dense shrubland to reduce overall uncertainty in estimates of ground‐water discharge. While the approach proposed here uses a basic ground‐water discharge model taken from an earlier study, the procedure of quantifying uncertainty and sensitivity can be generalized to handle other types of environmental models involving large numbers of independent variables.     

Modeling Postfire Response and Recovery using the Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC‐HMS)1

Abstract: This paper investigates application of the Army Corps of Engineers’ Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC‐HMS) to a burned watershed in San Bernardino County, California. We evaluate the HEC‐HMS’ ability to simulate discharge in prefire and postfire conditions in a semi arid watershed and the necessary parameterizations for modeling hydrologic response during the immediate, and subsequent recovery, period after a wildfire. The model is applied to City Creek watershed, which was 90% burned during the Old Fire of October 2003. An optimal spatial resolution for the HEC‐HMS model was chosen based on an initial sensitivity analysis of subbasin configurations and related model performance. Five prefire storms were calibrated for the selected model resolution, defining a set of parameters that reasonably simulate prefire conditions. Six postfire storms, two from each of the following rainy (winter) seasons were then selected to simulate postfire response and evaluate relative changes in parameter values and model behavior. There were clear trends in the postfire parameters [initial abstractions (I_a), curve number (CN), and lag time] that reveal significant (and expected) changes in watershed behavior. CN returns to prefire (baseline) values by the end of Year 2, while I_a approaches baseline by the end of the third rainy season. However, lag time remains significantly lower than prefire values throughout the three‐year study period. Our results indicate that recovery of soil conditions and related runoff response is not entirely evidenced by the end of the study period (three rainy seasons postfire). Understanding the evolution of the land surface and related hydrologic properties during the highly dynamic postfire period, and accounting for these changes in model parameterizations, will allow for more accurate and reliable discharge simulations in both the immediate, and subsequent, rainy seasons following fire.     

微波辅助光催化降解高浓度活性黑

利用改装的家用微波炉、微波无极灯和TiO2催化剂研究了水中高浓度活性黑的光催化降解.系统考察了TiO2投加量、pH、微波无极灯数量对微波辅助光催化处理效果的影响,得出微波辅助光催化的最佳操作条件,并在最佳条件下对活性黑的脱色及矿化效果进行研究.结果表明,TiO2投加量存在最佳值2 g/L,降低pH和增加微波无极灯数量均可提高活性黑的降解率.在TiO2的投加量为2 g/L,pH =3,微波无极灯数量为3的最佳光催化条件下,400 mg/L的活性黑溶液反应180 min时可实现完全脱色,反应300 min时,TOC去除率高达89.1％.     

新疆油田抽汲排液污染控制研究

抽汲排液存在抽汲设备和工具密封性差,对井场环境污染比较严重的问题,为解决抽汲排液对井场造成的污染,分别对抽汲钢丝绳的选择、试油井口防喷盒的密封以及试油抽汲作业规程及其它方面作了研究和应用,使抽汲排液对井场造成的污染得到了较好控制,符合新疆油田创建"绿色油气田"的要求。     

稠油污水回用锅炉处理工艺的应用

新疆油田公司稠油污水处理普遍采用成熟的离子调整旋流反应水处理技术,污水处理后达到回用锅炉水质标准SY/T 0097-2000《稠油油田采出水用于蒸汽发生器给水处理设计规范》,供给油田专用高压注汽锅炉用水。采用相同技术建成的采油一厂稠油处理站污水回用锅炉处理工艺投用后,处理后污水回用锅炉,减少了含油污水的外排,充分利用了稠油污水的热能,取得了良好的经济和社会效益。     

降低超高压输电线路电晕噪声的对策研究

从电力金具的选型、设计、生产、运输、安装和优化改造等环节提出了降低超高压输电线路电晕噪声的对策措施。同时,通过对超高压输电线路铁塔可听噪声和金具电晕放电情况的检测,验证优化改造金具的降噪效果,查找金具安装的缺陷和漏洞,为金具制造和设计、预防电晕措施的选择及电力金具的改良、安装和运行等方面提供决策和参考依据。     

沿面放电氧化液相亚硫酸铵

为了解决湿式氨法烟气脱硫生成不稳定亚硫酸铵（（NH4）2SO3）副产物的问题,设计了以不锈钢弹簧和溶液分别作为高压和低压电极的沿面放电系统,对液相（NH4）2SO3的氧化进行了研究。空气从反应器上方进入后经放电区域形成活性物质,再由底部的曝气头鼓入溶液并与（NH4）2SO3发生反应。比较了沿面放电处理与传统曝气处理的氧化效率,考察了放电电压、载气气量和初始浓度等因素对（NH4）2SO3氧化的影响。结果表明,沿面放电对（NH4）2SO3有显著的氧化效果;优化条件下的（NH4）2SO3氧化率接近100%;溶液中（NH4）2SO4与（NH4）2SO3的浓度比小于1时有利于（NH4）2SO3的氧化。     

基于AERMOD模式的固定源对不同楼层大气污染预测研究

环境影响评价中,大气污染预测通常考虑地面的浓度影响,对高层住宅楼不同楼层影响的考虑较少.通过案例设计,模拟4种不同的污染排放情景,采用预测推荐模式AERMOD分别计算各情景下5个代表高度共20种组合情况的预测受体结果,并基于三维可视仪软件VOXLER直观显示各情景污染物浓度的空间连续分布情况,对小时最大浓度的分布规律利用分析工具CANOCO进行了分析.结果表明:(1)污染源高为15～80 m时,不同楼层间小时浓度分布差异性较大;污染源高为120～240 m时,楼层间差异性较小.(2)污染源高为15m时,小时最大浓度以50 m为分界线随楼层高度的增加先增后降;污染源高为80～240 m时,小时最大浓度随楼层高度的增加而增加.