Hatching asynchrony reduces the duration, not the magnitude, of peak load in breeding green-rumped parrotlets (Forpus passerinus)

The peak load reduction hypothesis suggests that hatching asynchrony in altricial birds is adaptive because it reduces parental workload during the most energetically costly time in brood rearing. By staggering the ages of their offspring, parents may ensure that all nestlings do not reach maximum energy demand simultaneously. To test the hypothesis, we used the doubly labeled water technique to measure the energy expenditure of green-rumped parrotlets (Forpus passerinus) that reared experimentally manipulated synchronous and asynchronous broods. Peak metabolic rates of the two experimental groups did not differ, but parents of asynchronous broods metabolized significantly less energy than did parents of synchronous broods throughout the first half of the brood-rearing period. Our results suggest that hatching asynchrony in parrotlets substantially shortens the temporal duration of high brood energy demand, but does not reduce the magnitude of peak energy demand. Received: 16 July 1998 / Accepted after revision: 13 December 1998     

从排污权交易到用水定额交易

本文在排污权交易这一概念的启发下,针对目前供水形势紧张的状况,首次提出了用水定额交易的概念以及实施的基本思路。     

微波辅助光催化降解水中酚的研究

利用改装的家用微波炉和自制的无电极灯(EDL)试验了5种酚在水溶液中的微波辅助光催化降解效果.结果表明,反应30 min,微波辅助光催化作用(MW/EDL/TiO2)能去除80%以上的苯酚、间硝基苯酚、对氯苯酚和对甲酚,相应溶液的总有机碳(TOC)均减少70%以上,2-萘酚的去除率为59%,溶液TOC减少54%;微波(MW或MW/TiO2)作用对酚的去除率有一定贡献;对上述5种酚的微波辅助光催化反应动力学进行了初步研究,发现均符合准一级动力学方程.     

滑动弧放电等离子体裂解正己烷实验研究

考察了一种新型低温等离子体发生方式滑动弧放电对正己烷的裂解效果,检测了主要裂解产物,并分析了供给电压、正己烷初始浓度、电极材料和反应器结构对裂解率的影响.结果表明,该法可以有效处理正己烷,最高裂解率达96%.在空气中的主要裂解产物为CO2、CO、NO2和H2O.增大供给电压可以提高正己烷裂解率;初始浓度增大后裂解率下降,但绝对处理量增大;相同能耗情况下,采用铁电极时能量利用率最低,正己烷裂解率低于铝电极和铜电极;电极最小间距和喷嘴直径之间的比例关系影响裂解效果,优化两者的匹配关系可以提高裂解率.     

高频电晕放电等离子体法处理甲醛的研究

采用高频电晕等离子体法进行去除甲醛气体的试验研究.主要考察了甲醛气体处理效果与电源频率和停留时间的关系,并进行了无填料、填加亚硝酸钠填料和钛酸钡填料对甲醛气体处理效果的对比试验.结果表明,高频电晕放电等离子体法可有效地实现对甲醛气体的去除.电源频率越高,停留时间越长,甲醛的去除效果越好;在相同条件下有填料填加对甲醛气体的去除效果优于无填料填加的去除效果;钛酸钡填料优于亚硝酸钠填料的去除效果;在电源频率为55 kHz、流量0.3 m3·h-1、进口浓度12 mg·m-3钛酸钡填料存在的条件下对甲醛的去除效率接近100%.     

电除尘器电场特性实验研究与数值分析

数值分析是研究电除尘器电场特性的重要手段,有助于电除尘器电极配置的设计选型以及提高其供电控制水平。本文在实验的基础上,建立和求解电晕电场的数学模型,采用有限元有限差分法对RS线的电晕电场进行计算,计算结果与实验测试结果基本吻合。     

HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS OF DISCHARGE SUSTAINABILITY FROM AN ABANDONED UNDERGROUND COAL MINE1

ABSTRACT: Discharge from flooded abandoned subsurface coal mines is considered a potential source for water supplies where other acceptable water sources are not available. The objective of this study was to develop procedures for determining sustainability of mine‐water discharge using rainfall and discharge data for a case study site. The study site is located in southwest Virginia where Late Paleozoic sequences of sandstone, coal, and shale predominate. A rain gauge and a flow rate monitoring system were installed at the site and data were collected for a period of 100 days. The recording period corresponded with one of the driest periods in recent years and, therefore, provided valuable information regarding the flow sustainability during baseflow conditions. From available data on underground mining patterns, geology, and ground water flow regimes, it was determined that a coal mine aquifer exhibits hydraulic characteristics very similar to the extremely heterogeneous systems observed in karst aquifers, and the mine discharge is analogous to springflow. Thus, techniques commonly used in karst‐water systems and springflow analysis were used to develop rainfall/mine‐discharge relationships. Springflow recession analysis was performed on five rainfall recessions and the coefficient for each recession was compared and interpreted in light of known geologic information. It was found that the recession coefficients described the mine discharge adequately and the mine aquifer response to a rainfall pulse was very similar to the response from certain types of karst aquifers. A cross‐correlation analysis was performed to verify the results of the recession analysis and to develop a “black box” statistical model for discharge data. The correlation analysis proved the validity of springflow recession analysis for mine discharge. The recorded data length was not adequate to create a statistical model, however, but a procedure was proposed for a statistical model that could be used with large flow records. For the study site, the mine discharge was found to be sustainable for a prolonged period of time.     

脉冲放电脱硫产物的收集

实验结果表明利用给反应器加直流基压收集脱硫产物是可行的．产物收集效率随直流基压和停留时间的增加而增加,在本实验条件下,最高收集效率达到９５．１％ ．加直流基压后,脉冲电压、电流波形基本不变,放电增强,脱硫效果提高．加直流基压可使反应器在脱硫的同时有效收集产物．     

城市污水处理技术探讨

本文对城市污水处理技术进行了分类分析综述,阐明了当前污水技术发展趋势及应用情况。也对随着经济发展我国水处理标准制订的演变进行了说明。论述了现有城市污水处理厂工艺适扩和投资背景。     

宜宾市工业污染源达标排放效益分析

本文对2000年宜宾市工业污染源达标排放进行环境;经济和社会效益分析,其工业污染源治理达标效果是卓有成效的。