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41.
新疆部分城市可吸入颗粒物的浓度及粒径分布 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用TH-β10大气颗粒物浓度监测仪,从2011年4-5月在乌鲁木齐、奎屯、阿克苏、库尔勒、喀什、和田市环境监测站采集大气可吸入颗粒物PM2.5、PM5和PM10样品,分析了不同采样点大气颗粒物的质量浓度变化范围及与TSP的相应比值。结果表明,不论是PM2.5、PM5还是PM10,阿克苏市可吸入颗粒物的质量浓度变化幅度较大,其次是库尔勒市,其余采样点在采样期间的浓度变化幅度不大,并且库尔勒、喀什、奎屯、阿克苏四个城市PM5/TSP和PM2.5/TSP的比例大,除喀什、阿克苏的PM10/TSP的比例接近于1之外,其余可吸入颗粒物的浓度均小于TSP;采用显微镜观测成像技术结合血球计数板方法,利用粒径分布函数分析对六个城市的PM10和5个城市的PM2.5颗粒物在不同粒径的分布进行了分析。结果表明,对于PM10而言,阿克苏在dp<0.5的粒径范围内分布函数高达79%、喀什在dp=0.5~0.6μm之间为44%、和田则在dp=1.2~2.2μm出现20%的最大粒径分布函数。就PM2.5而言,库尔勒在dp<0.5、dp=0.5~0.6、0.6~1.2μm区间内的分布函数均为最大值,其值分为79%、50%、50%,可以说明在采样期间,库尔勒市区的颗粒物在粒径小于1.2μm出现的几率更大些,即颗粒物以积聚模态为主。 相似文献
42.
Population dynamics and regulation in the cave salamander <Emphasis Type="Italic">Speleomantes strinatii</Emphasis> 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Salvidio S 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(5):396-400
Time series analysis has been used to evaluate the mechanisms regulating population dynamics of mammals and insects, but has
been rarely applied to amphibian populations. In this study, the influence of endogenous (density-dependent) and exogenous
(density-independent) factors regulating population dynamics of the terrestrial plethodontid salamander Speleomantes strinatii was analysed by means of time series and multiple regression analyses. During the period 1993–2005, S. strinatii population abundance, estimated by a standardised temporary removal method, displayed relatively low fluctuations, and the
autocorrelation function (ACF) analysis showed that the time series had a noncyclic structure. The partial rate correlation
function (PRCF) indicated that a strong first-order negative feedback dominated the endogenous dynamics. Stepwise multiple
regression analysis showed that the only climatic factor influencing population growth rate was the minimum winter temperature.
Thus, at least during the study period, endogenous, density-dependent negative feedback was the main factor affecting the
growth rate of the salamander population, whereas stochastic environmental variables, such as temperature and rainfall, seemed
to play a minor role in regulation. These results stress the importance of considering both exogenous and endogenous factors
when analysing amphibian long-term population dynamics. 相似文献
43.
Residual dynamics of thiacloprid in medical herbs marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Thiacloprid is a new insecticide of the chloronicotinyl family. To assess its risk after application, residual characteristics of thiacloprid in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil were studied under field conditions. The active ingredient was extracted from the plant material using a mixture of acetone-water. After filtration, the extract was concentrated to the aqueous phase, diluted with water, and portioned against ethyl acetate on a matrix solid phase dispersion column. Thiacloprid was extracted from soil using a mixture of methanol-water, filtered, and re.extracted (clean up) with dichloromethane. The residues were quantified using HPLC-MS-MS. The methods were validated by recovery experiments. Thiacloprid residues in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil persisted beyond 10, 14, 14, and 21 d but no residues were detected after 14, 21, 21, and 28 d, respectively. The data obtained in this study indicated that the biexponential model is more suitable than the first-order function to describe the decline of thiacloprid in fresh marjoram, fresh thyme, and dried camomile flowers with half-life (t1/2) of 1.1, 0.7, and 1.2 d, respectively. However, both the first-order function and biexponential model were found to be applicable for dissipation of thiacloprid in soil with almost the same t1/2 values of 3.5 and 3.6 d. The results indicated that thiacloprid dissipates rapidly and does not accumulate in the tested herbs and in soil. 相似文献
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Yuguang Zhang Jing Cong Hui Lu Guangliang Li Yuanyuan Qu Xiujiang Su Jizhong Zhou Diqiang Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(8):1717-1724
Acidobacteria is one of the most dominant and abundant phyla in soil,and was believed to have a wide range of metabolic and genetic functions. Relatively little is known about its community structure and elevational diversity patterns. We selected four elevation gradients from 1000 to 2800 m with typical vegetation types of the northern slope of Shennongjia Mountain in central China. The vegetation types were evergreen broadleaved forest,deciduous broadleaved forest,coniferous forest and sub-alpine shrubs. We analyzed the soil acidobacterial community composition,elevational patterns and the relationship between Acidobacteria subdivisions and soil enzyme activities by using the 16 S rRNA meta-sequencing technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The result found that 19 known subdivisions as well as an unclassified phylotype were presented in these forest sites,and Subdivision 6 has the highest number of detectable operational taxonomic units(OTUs). A significant single peak distribution pattern(P 0.05) between the OTU number and the elevation was observed. The Jaccard and Bray–Curtis index analysis showed that the soil Acidobacteria compositional similarity significantly decreased(P 0.01) with the increase in elevation distance. Mantel test analysis showed the most of the soil Acidobacteria subdivisions had the significant relationship(P 0.01) with different soil enzymes. Therefore,soil Acidobacteria may be involved in different ecosystem functions in global elemental cycles. Partial Mantel tests and CCA analysis showed that soil pH,soil temperature and plant diversity may be the key factors in shaping the soil Acidobacterial community structure. 相似文献
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以该实验的观测资料为基础,通过数据分析表明,对大连星海地区OH自由基消耗的主要环境VOCs组分是烯烃类物质,对O3生成潜势贡献最高的环境VOCs组分是芳香烃类物质;综合LiOH及OFP值评价,识别影响大连星海地区O3生成的关键环境VOCs反应活性物种为丙烯、甲苯、间对二甲苯等物质。 相似文献
50.
2013-2015年上海市霾污染事件潜在源区贡献分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
统计分析2013-2015年上海市每个月不同空气质量等级天数比重,根据HYSPLIT(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory)后向轨迹模型对3年内的12月份影响上海地区的污染气团进行了综合聚类分析和逐年聚类分析.在综合12次严重霾事件的后向轨迹基础上,结合上海实时公布的PM2.5小时浓度资料,对潜在源贡献因子PSCF(Potential Source Contribution Function)和浓度权重轨迹CWT(Concentration-weighted Trajectory)进行分析与比较,研究重霾期间影响上海PM2.5质量浓度的潜在源区及不同源区对PM2.5质量浓度的贡献差异.结果显示,上海市3年期间12月份霾颗粒物外来源主要输送渠道为西北路径和北方路径,源自于西北方向的气团比重占总气团的50.4%,北方向的气团几乎都经过海洋后进入上海地区.影响上海地区PM2.5质量浓度的潜在源区主要分布在安徽、江苏和山东地区,此外江西北部、浙江北部、河北南部及山西少部分地区也对重霾事件中的污染物颗粒有一定程度的贡献. 相似文献