Climate, entropy and environment

The IPCC Working Groups I–III 2007 publications does not consider the question of the influence of the entropy increase in the atmosphere on current climate development. An investigation into this question, both in general terms as well as by two quantitative approaches, reveals we must consider the entropy produced by man in connection with climate development, especially with regard to the temperature increase of the atmosphere. The IPCC report also fails to mention the production of CO₂ by humans and livestock, but calculations show we must also consider such greenhouse gas CO₂ production. For solving the mitigating processes, we therefore have to take into account both the human induced entropy production and the direct human and livestock CO₂ output. In consideration of these findings, it seems necessary to introduce an “entropy identity” to people who wish to be able to continue to live on the planet. The introduction of an entropy tax might also help in solving the most urgent fundamental problem humanity has ever had to face. Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.     

CORRELATION OF COPROSTANOL TO ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN COASTAL AND ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS OF THE U.S.1

ABSTRACT: Results from the National Status and Trends Program, a nationwide effort to evaluate U.S. coastal and estuarine environmental quality, are analyzed to provide information about regional sources of organic contaminants in the benthic environment. Spearman's rank correlation procedure is applied to measurements of coprostanol, a chemical tracer of sewage, and three classes of organic compounds in sediments. The results suggest that discharges from publicly owned treatment works are responsible for concentrations of the organic compounds encountered in the northeastern coastal region, while other sources may predominate in the other regions of the country.     

Modeling Abundance Index Data from Anuran Calling Surveys

Abstract:  Evaluation of anuran populations is commonly based on calling surveys that report categorical abundance index data. I present a statistical model for abundance index data that are observations representing ordered abundance classes (e.g., none, some, many). The proposed model provides a formal treatment of detection probability, factors that affect detection, and variation in abundance. The model can be viewed as a generalization of that proposed by MacKenzie et al. (2002) for estimating site-occupancy rates in that it allows for more than two abundance classes. Because the abundance distribution is characterized by multiple abundance classes, it may be more sensitive to subtle changes in the underlying abundance that may go undetected with simple occupancy estimates under which sites are characterized merely as occupied or not. The method is most immediately applicable to surveys of anurans in which index data related to the intensity of calling activity are collected. I applied the proposed method to calling index data from the green frog (  Rana clamitans ) collected as part of the North American Amphibian Monitoring Program. The best model indicated considerable variation in detectability over time and in response to temperature. The resulting adjusted (for detectability) abundance-state distribution demonstrates the negative bias in abundance state obtained from simplistic summaries of calling index data that disregard these sources of variation in detectability.     

2000年全球重大自然灾害概述

２０００年是全球自然灾害经济损失较为一般的年份。根据收集到的全球自然灾害记录的数据，客观地对全球主要自然灾害的特征和分布特点进行了分析，并对其成因进行了探讨．     

交通环境Y2K问题

综述了包括中国计算机２０００年问题的现实情况，交通环境Ｙ２Ｋ问题情况，Ｙ２Ｋ有关法律问题以及防范计算机病毒攻击。     

上海市在用车I／M计划管理体系的探讨

在用机动车监测与维修制度（I／M计划）是减少机动车污染排放的最主要措施。借鉴美国I／M计划取得的经验，提出上海市在用车I／M 计划管理体系，建立上海市I／M 计划管理中心和监测 中心。     

Benders计算机程序库的开发及其在环境规划中的应用

混合整变量线性规划模型在国外许多行业和我国环境规划领域得到广泛应用。Benders分解算法是求解大规模混合整变量线性规划问题的一种先进技术,该技术在国外求解运输问题和网络问题范畴的实际问题得到了成功。我们应用Benders技术研制开发了大型计算机软伴;这是在我国系统工程领域和国际环境规划工作中的首次应用。在程序库开发工作中,引进和采用了当今国际上先进的运筹学方法和计算机技术。程序库在求解实际的环境规划问题中获得了初步的成功。我们应用所开发的程序库和数学模型求解了一个具有635个约束条件,1087个变量(其中0—1整变量为126个)的实际城市综合整冶规划问题。这是至今国内所求解的最大规模的混合整变量线性规划问题,也是国际上用Benders方法求解的最大的环境规划问题。     

BY630型摆动辗压机的PLC控制技术及其程序特点

阐述应用可编程控制器控制BY630型摆动辗压机的控制方式、处理以及控制程序特点。     

Excel 2000的应用研究-统计学生成绩

本文以Excel 2000统计学生全班成绩表为例,介绍基本的Excel输入资料、统计成绩(计算总分、计算平均分、计算最高分最低分、排列名次)、制作图表等功能.