Investigation of the propensity of sulfide concentrates to spontaneous combustion in storage

Spontaneous combustion of sulfide concentrates can cause many serious problems during storage. In this study, two representative samples (sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate and iron-rich sulfide concentrate) were investigated for the self-heating behavior using the crossing-point temperature (CPT) method. The corresponding apparent activation energies were determined, 13.7366 kJ/mol for iron-rich sulfide concentrate and 21.3817 kJ/mol for sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate. Furthermore, the surface temperatures of sulfide concentrate stockpiles in different seasons were also measured by a thermal image apparatus. It was found the temperature for iron-rich sulfide concentrate stockpile was higher than that for rich-sulfur sulfide concentrate stockpile. These research results show iron-rich sulfide concentrate exhibits stronger propensity to spontaneous combustion than sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate. Particular attention should be paid to the fire hazard of iron-rich sulfide concentrate in daily safety check work. The combination of the CPT method with the infrared thermal image measurement provides a new approach for the risk assessment on the propensity of sulfide concentrates to spontaneous combustion during the production, storage and transportation. The useful data and experience achieved in this investigation can be also referenced in similar cases later.     

基于Sentinel-2 MSI影像的河湖系统水体悬浮物空间分异遥感监测:以安徽省升金湖与连接长江段为例

开展河湖系统悬浮物监测对掌握水体泥沙运移规律、制定水环境治理措施具有重要意义.以安徽省升金湖与连接长江段水体为研究区,根据实测光谱模拟Sentinel-2 MSI影像波段反射率,结合同步水体悬浮物实测数据建立反演模型;而后根据2017～2019年28景MSI影像水体悬浮物反演结果,分析河湖系统水体悬浮物浓度的变化规律,并探究水位变化对其空间分异的影响.结果表明:①根据MSI影像第六波段与第三波段的比值建立的二次多项式模型具有较高的反演精度(R~2=0.863,RMSE=22.211 mg·L~(-1)),适用于高浊度水体悬浮物反演;②在空间上,升金湖入湖口附近、上中湖区西北部和下湖悬浮物浓度相对较高,除夏季外升金湖悬浮物浓度均高于其连接长江段;在时间上,升金湖悬浮物浓度在夏季相对较低,在其他季节较高,而与其连接的长江水体呈现相反的年内变化规律;③闸控影响下河湖连通性改变造成的水位变化,是影响升金湖-长江悬浮物空间分异的关键因素.在平水期与枯水期,升金湖对长江悬浮物浓度变化具有一定的贡献度,而在丰水期,升金湖与长江悬浮物浓度变化之间的相关性不明显.     

城市街景环境与社会安全事件的空间关系研究*

为研究城市街景环境与社会安全事件之间的空间关系,提出融合语义分割技术与地理加权回归方法,基于国内典型城市街景环境数据和社会安全事件数据,验证方法的可行性。研究结果表明:模型校正拟合因子R2在0.744～0.841之间,拟合效果较好,街景环境要素指标与社会安全事件存在显著空间相关性;绿视指数和天空开阔指数与社会安全事件在大部分区域呈显著负相关关系,交通信号指数、汽车指数和人群聚集指数与社会安全事件呈显著正相关关系,研究结果可为城市安全规划和社会安全风险防控提供决策支持。     

上海崇明县植被覆盖度动态变化遥感监测研究

植被覆盖度是用于描述和评价生态系统的重要参数。基于1989、2001、2006年的TM/ETM+遥感数据,以上海市崇明县为研究区域,利用改进的像元二分模型,估算出不同时期内崇明县的植被覆盖度,并对其变化进行了定量分析。结果表明:1989-2001年,植被覆盖度负向变化地表约10.17%,正向变化约20.58%,乡镇和湿地区域正向变化的面积大于负向变化,农场区域则相反;2001-2006年,负向变化约29.1%,正向变化约12%,农场和湿地区域正向变化的面积大于负向变化,乡镇区域则相反,并且随着城市化进程的深入,各土地用地类型的植被覆盖度变化在一定程度上都呈现出生态退化的趋势。     

青藏铁路景观视觉管理系统研究

铁路建设需要设置取(弃)土场、砂石料点、施工营地等工程场地,这些工程场地如果设计不合理,必将对沿线景观造成破坏,进而对视觉产生强烈的冲击。该文参考美国林务局的“视觉管理系统(VisualManagementSystem,VMS)”和美国土地管理局的“视觉管理(VisualResourcesMana-gement,VRM)”,利用遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,结合新建青藏铁路沿线景观特点和工程场地的位置、面积、所处的坡度、相对于铁路的距离、沿铁路方向的长度以及相对于本底景观的对比度,建立了新建青藏铁路沿线的景观视觉管理系统,定量分析和评价了铁路建设工程可能对高原景观带来的冲击,并为修改和重新设计工程场地提出了指导性建议。     

浅析景区规划的CIS导入

以南京著名旅游景区玄武湖公园为例,该景区多年来虽经数次数规划和修缮,仍然存在不少问题和不尽人意之处。究其原因,主要是公园定位模糊、布局凌乱、解说系统不完善、旅游环境破坏严重。改善现状的最佳方法是导入ＣＩＳ,进行总体形象规划。作者提出了规划方案以及引入ＭＩ、ＢＩ、ＶＩ等概念和具体作法,为南京玄弄湖景区进一步发展提出了具体实施意见,同时也为其它类似景区的开发和规划提供了科学的参考意见。     

浅析宜宾市旅游资源开发的方向与对策

通过分析宜宾市旅游资源开发的现状及问题,对该市旅游资源的开发方向提出了自己的见解,并具体论述了该市旅游资源开发的对策。     

Cryptic prey colouration increases search time in brown trout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmo trutta</Emphasis>): effects of learning and body size

Little is known about how cryptic colouration influences prey search in near-surface aquatic habitats, although such knowledge is critical for understanding the adaptive value of colour crypsis as well as the perceptive constraints influencing foraging behaviour in these environments. This study had two main aims: (1) to investigate how background colour matching by prey affects foraging efficiency by brown trout parr and (2) to investigate how foraging ability on cryptic and conspicuous prey is affected by fish size at age (reflecting dominance). We addressed these questions by training wild brown trout parr to forage individually on live brown-coloured maggots on a cryptic (brown) or conspicuous (green) background. A separate experiment confirmed the absence of trout preference for brown or green substrate. The results show that prey background colour matching increases search time in brown trout. Search time generally decreased by learning, but conspicuous prey remained an easier prey to find throughout the six training trials. Thus, perceptive constraints appear to limit search efficiency for cryptic prey, suggesting that cryptic colouration can confer survival benefits to prey in natural environments. Smaller fish generally found conspicuous prey faster than larger individuals, whereas search time for cryptic prey was not influenced by body size. This suggests that smaller individuals compensate for inferior competitive ability by increasing foraging activity rather than improving cognitive ability. The technique of varying cognitive demands in behavioural tasks could be used more in future studies aimed at distinguishing motivational effects from cognitive explanations for variation in behavioural performance.     

福建省长汀县植被覆盖度遥感动态监测研究

遥感估算植被覆盖度的关键在于:一是植被指数的选择,二是植被指数转换方法。针对中国南方多山的特点,论文提出了能较好地削弱影像中山体阴影、土壤背景、岩石、建筑用地等地物对植被覆盖度信息干扰的复合植被指数V BSI;在植被指数转换方法上,采用混合像元法,对福建省长汀县1994年和2003年的遥感影像进行了植被覆盖度的估算。研究结果表明:采用VBSI进行植被覆盖度的估算,影像阴影信息的干扰作用可以被削减为NDV I的50%,基于VBSI的混合像元法估算植被覆盖度的总体精度达到80%以上;动态监测表明,从1994至2003年研究区高植被覆盖面积增加了150.47km₂,占国土面积的比例提高了4.9个百分点,据调查,这与近年来长汀县加大水土流失治理力度有着重要关系。     

黑河流域草地承载力研究

应用RS和GIS技术,从研究区植被类型、土壤侵蚀、坡度、距水源距离、生物多样性和生态系统保护等方面,确定了黑河流域不适合和适合放牧的区域。在适合放牧的区域,根据草地类型估测产草量。在牧草分配方面,从避免土壤侵蚀和遭遇干旱时保证植被群落弹性和再生的需要以及满足昆虫和土壤无脊椎动物及野生动物需要两个方面考虑了满足生态需要的牧草生物量。在确定放牧强度时,从坡度和距离水源远近两个方面考虑了载畜量的减少比例。在此基础上,计算出满足生态保护需要的草地承载力。研究结果表明,黑河流域适合放牧的区域仅占总面积的17.693%,在适合放牧的区域,天然草地的承载力为0.009～2.055只羊单位/hm²。