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11.
Robins L 《Environmental management》2008,42(5):833-846
This paper aims to give practical meaning to ‘capacity building’ through (a) identifying a suite of practical measures, such
as mentoring or best practice guidelines, that have been shown to or are considered to build human, social, institutional,
and economic capital; (b) placing these measures within a broader systems framework; and (c) exploring stakeholder feedback
on specific measures to inform framework implementation. The 29 measures described provide actors, whether government or nongovernment,
with a suite of practical investment choices for building capacity. These measures are then clustered into eight groups according
to their primary purpose and placed within a systems framework. The framework provides a tool for actors with responsibilities
for or an interest in capacity building to inform more holistic and strategic targeting of effort and investment. Stakeholder
feedback gathered through surveys and workshops is subsequently reported to further inform implementation of specific measures
within the framework’s eight groupings. The framework presented may be built upon through the identification and inclusion
of further capacity building measures. The research is conducted within the context of decentralized governance arrangements
for natural resource management (NRM), with specific focus on Australia’s recently formalized 56 NRM regions and their community-based
governing boards as an informative arena of learning. Application of the framework is explored in the Australian setting through
the identification and comparison of measures supported and most preferred by four major stakeholder groups, namely board
members, regional NRM organization staff, policy/research interests, and Indigenous interests. The research also examines
stakeholder perceptions of capacity issues, and whether these issues are likely to be addressed through implementing their
preferred measures.
相似文献
Lisa RobinsEmail: |
12.
Increased salinity in spawning and nursery grounds in the Savannah River estuary was cited as the primary cause of a 97% decrease
in adult striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and a concomitant 96% decrease in striped bass egg production. Restoration efforts focused on environmental remediation
and stock enhancement have resulted in restored salinity patterns and increased egg and adult abundances. However, future
water needs or harbor development may preclude further recovery by reducing freshwater inflow or increasing salinity intrusion.
To assess the effect of potential changes in the salinity regime, we developed models relating discharge, tidal phase, and
salinity to striped bass egg and early larval survival and re-cast these in a quantitative Bayesian belief network. The model
indicated that a small upstream shift (≤1.67 km) in the salinity regime would have the least impact on striped bass early
life history survival, whereas shifts >1.67 km would have progressively larger impacts, with a 8.33-km shift potentially reducing
our estimated survival probability by >28%. Such an impact could have cumulative and long-term detrimental effects on the
recovery of the Savannah River striped bass population. The available salinity data were collected during average and low
flows, so our model represents some typical and some extreme conditions during a striped bass spawning season. Our model is
a relatively simplistic, “first-order” attempt at evaluating potential effects of changes in the Savannah River estuarine
salinity regime and points to areas of concern and potential future research. 相似文献
13.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(7):1-15
Due to the combined effect of sluices and sea tide, the sluice-controlled coastal plain river would be characterized by both trophic state and salinity gradients, affecting the spatiotemporal optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal variation of water quality parameters and optical properties of DOM in the Haihe River, a representative sluice-controlled coastal plain river in Tianjin, China. A significant salinity gradient and four trophic states were observed in the water body of the Haihe River. Two humic- and one protein-like substances were identified from the DOM by the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra combined with the parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. Pearson's correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the salinity significantly affected the abundance of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) but did not cause significant changes in the fluorescence optical characteristics. In addition, the effect of Trophic state index (TSI) on the CDOM abundance was greater than that on the fluorescence intensity of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM). In the water body with both salinity and trophic state gradients, TSI posed a greater influence than salinity on the CDOM abundance. Our results fill the research gap in spatiotemporal DOM characteristics and water quality variation in water bodies with both salinity and trophic state gradients. These results are beneficial for clarifying the joint influence of saline intrusion and sluices on the DOM characteristics and water quality in sluice-controlled coastal plain rivers. 相似文献
14.
J. Iliopoulou‐Georgudaki V. Sorra E. Strogyloudi V. A. Catsiki E. Dimitriou 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3-4):123-131
The impact of salinity and water exchange rate on the accumulation of heavy metals in the benthic fish Zosterissesor ophiocephalus, collected from the shallow sublagoons Tholi and Paleopotamos, was studied. Both sublagoons are influenced by the intensive agricultural activity of the surrounding area in terms of the chemical substances’ drainage, and by the untreated sewage discharges of an urbanized area with Paleopotamos being affected in lesser extent. Paleopotamos is characterised by restricted water renovation, resulting to much higher salinity than Tholi. The bioaccumulation of the heavy metals studied (Manganese, Zinc and Copper), reveals differences among the metals with females showing higher values. Specimens from Paleopotamos showed statistically significant higher bioaccumulation of the heavy metals in both sexes, which is attributed to the extremely high salinity of this sublagoon. 相似文献
15.
Jibin Li Jinxing Ma Li Sun Xin Liu Huaiyu Liao Di He 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(7):86
16.
盐度和pH对崇明东滩沉积物中NH+4释放的影响研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
采集长江口下游的崇明东滩沉积物样,通过实验模拟研究盐度和pH对沉积物中NH4^ 释放的影响。结果表明,潮滩沉积物中NH4^ 的释放受盐度和pH的共同控制。NH4^ 随着盐度的变化呈明显的“M”型双峰曲线,释放量最小出现在盐度为0‰。释放峰值出现在盐度为5‰、20‰。NH4^ 随着pH的释放规律因盐度环境和沉积物类型的不同而显著不同。NH4^ 的释放量与沉积物类型有关,沙性物质含量高的低潮滩沉积物中NH4^ 的释放量明显低于沙性物质少的中潮滩。 相似文献
17.
以我国最大的内陆淡水湖——博斯腾湖为研究对象,利用Terra/MODIS L1B空间分辨率为250 m和500 m的遥感反射率数据及湖水矿化度实测数据建立线性回归模型,分析湖表面矿化度的空间分布特征。结果表明:空间分辨率为500 m的1~7个波段组合建立的多元线性回归模型相关性最高(R~2=0.70),模型验证结果显示,实测值和反演值的相关系数(R~2)为0.82,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.12。利用最优模型对博斯腾湖湖面矿化度进行反演,其分布存在明显的空间梯度,西北、东北和东南湖区矿化度较高,而西南湖区和湖区南部矿化度较低。 相似文献
18.
Sediment-water distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in Yangtze River Estuary 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Analysis of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) distribution in water and sediment in Yangtze River Estuary showed that the estuary was a sink for PFOS. Salinity was an important parameter in controlling the sediment-water interactions and the fate or transport of PFOS in the aquatic environment. As the salinity (S‰) increased from 0.18 to 3.31, the distribution coefficient (Kd) between sediment and water linearly increased from 0.76 to 4.70 L g−1. The study suggests that PFOS may be carried with the river water and transported for long distances before it reaches to the sea and largely scavenged to the sediment in the estuaries due to the dramatic change in salinity. 相似文献
19.
Thaísa Abreu Souza José Marcus Godoy Maria Luiza D.P. Godoy Zenildo L. Carvalho Carlos E. Rezende 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(7):564-570
Multitracers were used to study water mixing in the Paraíba do Sul River estuary region in August 2007 (dry season) and March 2008 (rainy season) and to evaluate the reach of the river plume in the direction of the open ocean. Two sampling campaigns were carried out, each in a different season. Based on these results, it was possible to conclude that the multitracers used in this study (salinity, Si, Ba and U, as well as the radium isotopes 223Ra, 224Ra, 226Ra and 228Ra) presented satisfactory results toward defining the plume reach and determining the residence time and water-mixing processes in the estuary. A strong correlation was observed between tracers and the distance to the coast. During the low river water discharge period, the riverine water took about 10 days to reach open ocean waters (salinity ∼ 35). During the rainy period this value decreased to 6 days. Based on the radium results, it was possible to calculate diffusion coefficients (Kh) of 23 km2 d−1 and 38 km2 d−1 for 224Ra and 223Ra, respectively, during the dry season (winter). Values of 65 km2 d−1 and 68 km2 d−1 for 223Ra and 224Ra, respectively, were found for the rainy period (summer). 相似文献
20.
The acute salinity tolerance of three tropical freshwater cladoceran species, M. macleayi, C. rigaudii and D. brachyurum was determined. The existence of these species represented new records for Trinidad and Tobago, a tropical Caribbean island.
It has a large oil based industry, in which, the primary effluent (saline produced water) is discharged directly into many
freshwater systems. Cladoceran species are used routinely in temperate regions, to assess the impacts of chemicals and effluents
in freshwater systems. However, relatively few studies have assessed the salinity tolerance of these organisms. Test organisms
were assayed using seven salinity treatments (0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25‰) prepared by volumetrically mixing natural filtered
seawater with dilution water. C. rigaudii had a 48 h LC50 of 1.6‰, M. macleayi 1.5‰ and D.
brachyurum <1‰. The CSmax (critical salinity maximum) for C. rigaudii and M. macleayi was 3‰ after 48 h, compared to 1‰ for D. brachyurum. There was no salinity value at which there was 100% survival. The resulting salinity response curve was a straight line
which indicated that each species was intolerant of salt. Consequently, any of these can be considered as a representative
freshwater organism for toxicity testing in Trinidad and Tobago. 相似文献