南海北部大陆架海洋生态系统演变的Ecopath模型比较分析

过度捕捞和环境恶化导致渔业资源和海洋生态系统逆向发展.采用EwE5.1(Ecopath with Ecosim)软件,对南海北部大陆架分别建立20世纪80年代末期(1989～1992年)、20世纪90年代末期(1997～2000年)和21世纪初期三个代表时间段的Ecopath(生态通道模型)模型.通过三阶段的流量、生物量、生产量、捕捞量、系统总流量、总循环流量以及Finn's循环指数和Finn's平均路径长度等方面的比较分析,得出近20 a的过度捕捞导致系统与渔业资源逐渐"退化".20世纪90年代末期休渔政策对此有一些缓和作用,但总趋势不变.     

Phytoplankton community structure and environmental parameters in aquaculture areas of Daya Bay, South China Sea

Environmental characteristics and phytoplankton community structure were investigated in two aquaculture areas in Dapeng Cove of Daya Bay, South China Sea, between April 2005 and June 2006. Phytoplankton abundance ranged between 5.0 and 8877.5 cells/mL, with an average of 751.8 cells/mL. The seasonal cycle of phytoplankton were demonstrated by frequent oscillations, with recurrent high abundances from late spring to autumn and a peak stage in late winter. Diatoms were the predominant phytoplankton group, accounting for 93.21% of the total abundance. The next most abundant group was the dinoflagellates, which made up only 1.24% of total abundance. High concentrations of Alexandrium tamarense (Lebour) Balech with a maximum of 603.0 cells/mL were firstly recorded in this area known for high rates of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) contamination. Temperatures and salinities were within the suitable values for the growth of phytoplankton, and were important in phytoplankton seasonal fluctuations. The operation of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station (DNPS) exerts influences on the phytoplankton community and resulted in the high abundances of toxic dinoflagellate species during the winter months. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved silicate (DSi) were su cient, and rarely limited for the growth of phytoplankton. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) was the most necessary element for phytoplankton growth. The enriched environments accelerated the growth of small diatoms, and made for the shift in predominant species from large diatom Rhizosolenia spp. to chain-forming diatoms such as Skeletonema costatum, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Thalassiosira subtilis.     

韩国《环境政策基本法》研究

现行韩国《环境政策基本法》明确了可持续发展、环境权等基本理念,强化环境行政的综合调整机能,确立以事前预防为中心的环境政策,并随着时代发展要求及时进行多次修改,为最终实现其立法目的提供了制度保障。韩国环境基本法的成功经验,对我国《环境保护法》的修改具有一定借鉴价值。     

Millennial mercury records derived from ornithogenic sediment on Dongdao Island, South China Sea

Two ornithogenic sediment cores, which have a time span of 1000 years and are influenced by red-footed booby (Sula sula), were collected from Dongdao Islands, South China Sea. The determined mercury concentrations of the two cores show similar and substantial fluctuations during the past millennium, and the fluctuations are most likely caused by the changes in mercury level of the ocean environment and in anthropogenic Hg emission. For the past 500 years, the mercury concentration in the red-footed booby excrement has a striking association with global anthropogenic mercury emission. The mercury concentration increased rapidly after AD 1600 in corresponding to beginning of the unparalleled gold and silver mining in South Central America that left a large volume of anthropogenic mercury pollution. Since the Industrial Revolution, the mercury level has increased at a fast pace, very likely caused by modern coal combustion, chlor-alkali and oil refining industries. The comparison of mercury profiles from different places on earth suggested that anthropogenic mercury pollution after the Industrial Revolution is more severe in Northern Hemisphere than in Antarctica.     

夏季南奥克尼群岛西部水域南极磷虾资源时空分布及其与表温之间的关系

根据2010年1月31日～2月13日在南极南奥克尼群岛西部水域开展的南极海洋生物资源调查期间收集的数据及卫星获取的水温数据(海水表温和表温距平),对南极磷虾时空分布及其与表温之间的关系进行了分析.结果表明:(1)02:00～18:00为南极磷虾群出现频率较高的时段,随后南极磷虾群出现概率开始下降,至22:00 ～02:...     

蛇绿岩研究现状及华南蛇绿岩问题

蛇绿岩概念自上世纪70年代提出以来,就成为确定古板块边界的重要证据,具有重要大地构造学意义,一直是地质学家研究的热点之一。近年来,随着地球化学技术的发展以及深海钻探计划和大洋钻探计划的实施,世界各地蛇绿岩研究不断深入,取得了很大的发展,同时也提出了很多新的问题。本文主要论述了蛇绿岩研究的最新动态,并对华南蛇绿岩的研究进展进行了分析梳理,对存在的一些问题作了初步讨论。     

南海北部沿岸海域近江牡蛎体中的三氯杀螨醇

在南海北部沿岸23个观测站,于2008～2010每年春季分别采集成体近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis),取其软组织进行均质,有机溶剂超声萃取,浓硫酸净化,硅土/氧化铝柱层析,然后用气相色谱法测定其中三氯杀螨醇(DCF)。测定结果(10-9,湿重)显示:DCF含量在65.2%样本中低于检出限,在其余样本中为0.244～4.42,明显低于发达国家的最大残留限量和国际组织的容许摄入量。牡蛎体中DCF的区域平均含量在北部湾顶明显较高(1.41),在粤西(0.278)和海南岛(0.199)相对较低,在珠江口(0.769)高于总体平均含量(0.547),在粤东为0.466。牡蛎体DCF含量的年际变化明显,总体在2009年(0.778)明显高于2010年(0.489)和2008年(0.373),在不同区域、不同测站的年际变化大小不一。     

皖南新元古代花岗闪长岩地球化学特征及构造环境

皖南新元古代花岗闪长岩沿祁门-歙县-三阳深断裂呈串珠状出露。本文在对其岩石学、地球化学细致分析的基础上,探讨了岩体的岩石成因和产出环境。皖南新元古代花岗闪长岩主要由石英、钾长石和斜长石组成,普遍含富铝矿物黑云母和堇青石,副矿物包括锆石、磷灰石、钛铁矿、独居石、磷钇矿、极少的磁铁矿等。地球化学分析数据显示,岩石总体具高硅、高钾、高铝和低钠、低镁、低钙的特征;岩石富碱(ALK=6.63%),高K2O/Na2O比值(1.33)。里特曼指数σ为0.8～2.91,碱度率AR为1.56～3.14,属高钾钙碱性系列。岩石铝饱和指数(A/CNK=1.31)大于1.1,具强过铝质S型花岗岩的特征。岩石稀土元素呈轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的特征,ΣLREE/ΣHREE比值为5.36～8.36,具较强的负铕异常(δEu=0.39～0.7),配分模式为右倾"V"字形态;微量元素明显富集Rb、Th而亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr等,为低Sr高Yb型花岗岩。地球化学特征显示其岩浆源于围岩-中元古代牛屋组浅变质千枚岩的部分熔融,反映陆-陆碰撞挤压造山环境,为晋宁运动晚期华夏板块向北俯冲与扬子板块碰撞造山的火山弧产物。     

冀南地区生态环境状况综合评价及对策

根据国家环保部颁布实施的《生态环境状况评价技术规范(试行)》制定的评价方法,采用生物丰度、植被覆盖、水网密度、土地退化和环境质量指数5个指标,对冀南地区的生态环境状况进行了综合评价与系统分析。结果表明,冀南地区植被覆盖度中等,生物多样性为一般水平,生态系统不够稳定,生态环境状况总体处于一般水平。论文还针对生态环境状况指数(EI)所揭示的冀南地区水资源匮乏及人口压力等主要生态环境问题,提出了相应的对策与建议。     

Variation characteristics of atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide in summertime at a coastal site in the South China Sea

● Diurnal patterns of CH₄ and CO₂ are clearly extracted using EEMD. ● CH₄ and CO₂ show mid-morning high and evening low patterns during sea breezes. ● Wind direction significantly modulates the diurnal variations in CH₄ and CO₂. Methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) are the two most important greenhouse gases (GHGs). To examine the variation characteristics of CH₄ and CO₂ in the coastal South China Sea, atmospheric CH₄ and CO₂ measurements were performed in Bohe (BH), Guangdong, China, in summer 2021. By using an adaptive data analysis method, the diurnal patterns of CH₄ and CO₂ were clearly extracted and analysed in relation to the sea breeze (SB) and land breeze (LB), respectively. The average concentrations of CH₄ and CO₂ were 1876.91 ± 31.13 ppb and 407.99 ± 4.24 ppm during SB, and 1988.12 ± 109.92 ppb and 421.54 ± 14.89 ppm during LB, respectively. The values of CH₄ and CO₂ during SB basically coincided with the values and trends of marine background sites, showing that the BH station could serve as an ideal site for background GHG monitoring and dynamic analysis. The extracted diurnal variations in CH₄ and CO₂ showed sunrise high and sunset low patterns (with peaks at 5:00–7:00) during LB but mid-morning high and evening low patterns (with peaks at 9:00) during SB. The diurnal amplitude changes in both CH₄ and CO₂ during LB were almost two to three times those during SB. Wind direction significantly modulated the diurnal variations in CH₄ and CO₂. The results in this study provide a new way to examine the variations in GHGs on different timescales and can also help us gain a better understanding of GHG sources and distributions in the South China Sea.