联合上限法和主应力法(UBM/SM法)确定模具表面压力分布的研究(Ⅱ)

本文根据前文所提联合上限法和主应力法确定模具表面压力分布的基础原理,计算了圆柱坯料正挤压和十字头锻件镦挤时模具表面的压力分布,所得结果与测定值很吻合,进一步证明了UBM/SM法实际应用的可靠性.     

上海市郊4种地表径流深度的测算

根据有关试验资料和美国土壤保持局推荐的方法，提出了上海市郊４种地表径流深度的计算公式。计算结果表明，当年降雨量为１０５３ｍｍ时，上海市郊４种地表径流的总量为１３．６亿ｍ＾３，平均径流深度为３００ｍｍ，径流系数为２８．４９％，４种径流量占郊区总量的７７．８２％，产流面积为郊区总面积的７５．１０％。     

卡尔曼滤波理论在预报地面径流污染中的应用

本文主要介绍流域径流污染的系统分析方法，并提出采用卡尔曼滤波理论进行仿真，从而实现污染的预报。     

慢滤水处理工艺

本文对慢滤水处理工艺的技术特点进行了介绍．指出漫滤是一种不用投加任何化学药剂的水处理方法，出水水质好，几乎可完全去除水中的浊度、色度、有机物、细菌和病毒等污染物质，是一种处理低浊度地表水的有效方法．在我国乡镇供水工程中有广泛的应用前景．     

Laboratory shake flask batch tests can predict field biodegradation of aniline in the Rhine

The aim of this study was to compare degradation rates of aniline in laboratory shake flask simulation tests with field rates in the river Rhine. The combined events of a low flow situation in the Rhine and residual aniline concentrations in the effluent from the BASF treatment plant in Ludwigshafen temporarily higher than normal, made it possible to monitor aniline at trace concentrations in the river water downstream the wastewater outlet by means of a sensitive GC headspace analytical method. Aniline was analyzed along a downstream gradient and the dilution along the gradient was calculated from measurements of conductivity, sulfate and a non-readily biodegradable substance, 1,4-dioxane. Compensating dilution, field first-order degradation rate constants downstream the discharge of BASF were estimated at 1.8 day⁻¹ for two different dates with water temperatures of 21.9 and 14.7 °C, respectively. This field rate estimate was compared with results from 38 laboratory shake flask batch tests with Rhine water which averaged 1.5 day⁻¹ at 15 °C and 2.0 day⁻¹ at 20 °C. These results indicate that laboratory shake flask batch tests with low concentrations of test substance can be good predictors of degradation rates in natural water bodies––at least as ascertained here for short duration tests with readily degradable compounds among which aniline is a commonly used reference.     

Modeling the buoyant flow of heated water discharged from surface and submerged side outfalls in shallow and deep water with a cross flow

In this study, a three-dimensional model was used to numerically study the buoyant flow, along with its mixing characteristics, of heated water discharged from the surface and submerged side outfalls in shallow and deep water with a cross flow. Hydraulic experimental data were used to evaluate the applicability of the model. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results, particularly, the jet trajectories, the dimensions of the recirculating zone, and the distribution of the dimensionless excess temperature. The level of accuracy of the simulation results of the present study is nearly identical to that of the results conducted by McGuirk and Rodi (1978). If the heated water is discharged into shallow water where the momentum flux ratio and the discharge densimetric Froude number are high, the submerged discharge method is better than the surface discharge method in terms of the scale of the recirculating zone and the minimum dilution. In deep water, where the momentum flux ratio and discharge densimetric Froude number are low, however, the submerged discharge method had few advantages. In shallow water, the discharge jet is deflected by the ambient cross flow, while forcing the ambient flow to bend towards the far bank for the full depth. For a submerged discharge in shallow water, the recirculating zone is the largest in the lowest layer but becomes smaller in the upper layer. As the water depth increases, the ambient flow goes over the jet and diminishes the blocking effect, thereby decreasing the bending of the jet.     

标准类别指数法在地表水环境质量评价中的应用

在确定水体主要污染物的基础上，以相应水体主要污染物项目为评价项目，以地表水环境质量标准的类别分级为依据，应用模糊数学理论对地表水环境质量或污染程度予以分级。能客观、直观地反映相应地表水体环境质量或污染程度，计算过程简便，是一种可采纳的实用水质评价方法。     

采空区地面塌陷危险性两级模糊综合评判

根据门城镇采空区实地勘查资料,采用两级模糊综合评判的理论与方法,建立了地面塌陷危险性评判模型及评判指标,对采空区地面塌陷危险性进行了分区预测,其结果与实际情况吻合较好,可作为该区的开发建设规划及地质灾害防治工作的依据。     

美国地表水水源的流域管理

对地表水水源有效的流域管理,是保持水源良好水质的关键最近美国自来水协会(AWWA)发表了地表水水源流域管理的研究报告,强调重视和统一规划,控制流域内土地及水源利用的重要性,并列举了流域管理中各种措施的实施及其效果.     

平原河网地区地表水环境保护功能区划分的研究

从地表水环境保护功能区划分工作的实践出发 ,针对复杂的水文、水质条件 ,探讨平原河网地区地表水环境保护功能区划分的工作方法和实现区划目标的对策措施。