略论信息技术在农业气象灾害减灾中的应用

农业气象灾害减灾对策是一项十分复杂的系统工程，其系统可划分为两个子系统：农业气象灾害子系统和减灾对策子系统。农业气象灾害子系统包括灾害的发生、发展到消亡的整个过程。减灾对策子系统是指减轻灾害的对策措施，可概括为灾前防御、灾中抗御、灾后补救等。其系统涉及到灾害的监测、预报、防御、抗御、治理、灾情评估和减灾效益的分析等环节。因此，对这样一个系统工程，除总结和继承传统的农业气象灾害的减灾方法外，还需要利用现代的信息技术；遥感技术、人工智能技术、作物模拟技术等来提高防灾、减灾的能力。     

安全投入问题

论述了生产特征与安全投入的关系以及安全投入的属性、体系和内涵,提出需求和能力决定安全投入的一些建议。     

安全系统工程的回顾与展望

回顾了系统工程在安全领域中应用的情况,并指出国内使用的名词“安全系统工程”与“系统安全工程”在含义上是有区别的,认为在安全领域中应制定名词统一标准。文章还讨论了安全系统工程的展望。     

STATE WATER QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM IN ARIZONA1

ABSTRACT: Arizona's water pollution control program is based on authorties of Arizona Revised Statutes and Public Law 92–500, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. The primary areas of this program are monitoring, facility inspections, plan review, planning, discharge permits and grants for the construction of publicly-owned waste water treatment facilities. The discharge permit program deals with control of point-source discharges and is administered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The planning and construction grants programs are administered by the State Water Quality Control Council and are implemented by the Bureau of Water Quality Control, which serves as staff to the Council. There are several challenges that face the State in this program. First is the adaptation of the “eastern law” to deal with Arizona's water quality problems. Second is to address problems caused by a long history of “laissez-faire” environmental quality management. Third is a mutual cooperation and coordination among the many entities involved in water resources management. Areas of particular interest in the State's program is the process setting water quality standards and the involvement of people of diversified backgrounds in the field of areawide planning under Section 208 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, which is primarily concerned with non-point sources of water pollution.     

作业条件危险评价方法的修正及在吉林油田的应用

对隐患的评价分级是治理的重要依据 ,作业条件危险评价方法是常用的一种危险评价方法。笔者认为 ,这种方法中的L项过于强调生产系统自身的客观不利因素 ,对管理行为外界主观因素没有考虑 ,恰恰就是这些因素可以在一定程度上消减客观不利因素。因此 ,通过对L项的修正 ,客观地评价危险的等级 ,从而降低了安全投入 ,提高了治理措施的经济性。     

Fuzzy assessment of land suitability for scientific research reserves

Evaluating the characteristics of a set of sites as potential scientific research reserves is an example of land suitability assessment. Suitability in this case is based upon multiple criteria, many of which can be linguistically imprecise and often incompatible. Fuzzy logic is a useful method for characterizing imprecise suitability criteria and for combining criteria into an overall suitability rating. The Ecosystem Management Decision Support software combined a fuzzy logic knowledge base we developed to represent the assessment problem with a GIS database providing site-specific data for the assessment. Assessment of sites as a potential natural reserve for the new University of California campus at Merced demonstrates the benefits of fuzzy suitability assessment. The study was conducted in three stages of successively smaller assessment regions with increasingly fine spatial resolution and specificity of criteria. Several sites were identified that best satisfy the suitability criteria for a reserve to represent vernal pool habitat.     

基于GIS技术的重庆市危险废物管理信息系统研究

重庆市每年都会产生大量的危险废物，直接威胁到了重庆市的水环境及生态环境，因此，有效的管理重庆市的危险废物是处理和处置的重要保证。主要介绍了基于CIS危险废物管理信息系统的设计，将危险废物、计算机技术和GIS技术相结合，为危险废物的管理提供快捷、方便、科学的管理和决策支持。该系统包括六个子系统，分别是数据输入、数据查询、数据库管理和维护、模型库、决策支持、系统管理。该系统具有界面友好、操作方便、实用等特点，将在重庆市危险废物管理方面起到重要作用。     

填埋场环境影响评价决策支持系统的研究和开发

通过分析我国填埋场环评存在的问题，本文提出采用VB6．0的方法，基于知识推理来建立填埋环境影响评价决策支持系统（LEIADSS），使填埋场环评工作标准化。实例研究显示，利用VB6．0编程语言可以方便的完成该系统的设计，且能使环评工作快速、准确的完成。     

区域环境管理体系认证带来的巨大优势

本文通过介绍秦皇岛经济技术开发区进行环境管理体系认证后发生的种种变化,阐述了区域环境管理体系认证给秦皇岛经济开发区带来的巨大变化。开展区域环境管理体系认证的好处主要体现在:提高了区域竞争力和招商引资的条件;有利于实现区域环境与经济的协调发展;促进了区内企业部分管理水平的提高;增强了全区员工的环境意识;对企业环境管理起到了推动作用。     

高级组合塘处理污水系统简介

氧化塘处理污水的全过程与天然水体自净相似,因此具有处理成本低、运行稳定等优点,但由于它所存在的缺点,如负荷低、占地大、恶化周围环境等,限制了它的使用,为解决这些缺点,产生了一些新型塘及塘系统,本文介绍了其中的一种,即高级组合塘系统。