江苏省地方环境保护标准体系建设刍议

简述了国内环境标准发展趋势,以及国内地方环境标准制订情况,分析了江苏省地方标准现状及问题。提出,应完成现有地方标准修订备案;重点制定新兴行业和大气污染控制标准;加强技术规范、技术政策的制定和编制;建立完善的标准执行与反馈机制。     

谈环境监测质量管理体系文件的宣贯

为保证质量管理体系的有效运行,对体系文件的宣贯至关重要。从环境监测质量管理体系文件的宣贯职责、时机和形式等方面,探讨如何分清职责、找准时机、丰富形式,确保体系文件得到及时、有效、准确和全面的宣贯,为环境监测机构体系文件的宣贯提供参考和借鉴。     

我国现行环境监测体制述评

环境监测作为一项科学技术活动,其直接目的就是获取真实准确的环境信息,进而为环境管理工作服务.但我国现行环境监测体制存在诸多缺陷与不足,致使环境监测的目的不能完全实现,必须对其进行改革.     

AHP与模糊评价法在高速公路人文景观评价中的应用

高速公路人文景观评价的难点在于人文景观影响因素的确定和指标的量化,由于其不确定性而且受到主观因素的影响很大,将其尽量量化是较好的办法.本文结合高速公路人文景观特点提出了其评价指标体系,并通过层次分析法和模糊综合评价对各指标进行了具体分析.     

人工湿地-CRI技术对医院废水处理效果的研究

采用人工湿地技术与人工快速渗滤系统工艺(CRI)相结合,通过物理、化学、微生物等作用,对医院废水进行净化处理,出水COD、BOD5、SS、TP去除率均达到87%以上,达到污水综合排放标准二级标准,其中出水粪大肠菌群含量为20个/L,优于污水综合排放一级标准。     

西安广运潭生态景区旅游环境容量研究

建立了一套旅游环境容量指标体系,给出了各指标的含义和计算公式,并据此对西安广运潭生态景区旅游环境容量进行了定量分析,计算出了其值,计算结果较为科学,具有一定的可操作性,对广运潭的规划管理有一定的指导意义。     

Structural changes in lake functioning induced from nutrient loading and climate variability

Climate variability is increasingly recognized as an important regulatory factor, capable of influencing the structural properties of aquatic ecosystems. Lakes appear to be particularly sensitive to the ecological impacts of climate variability, and several long time series have shown a close coupling between climate, lake thermal properties and individual organism physiology, population abundance, community structure, and food web dynamics. Thus, understanding the complex interplay among meteorological forcing, hydrological variability, and ecosystem functioning is essential for improving the credibility of model-based water resources/fisheries management. Our objective herein is to examine the relative importance of the ecological mechanisms underlying plankton seasonal variability in Lake Washington, Washington State (USA), over a 35-year period (1964–1998). Our analysis is founded upon an intermediate complexity plankton model that is used to reproduce the limiting nutrient (phosphate)–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus (particulate phosphorus) dynamics in the lake. Model parameterization is based on a Bayesian calibration scheme that offers insights into the degree of information the data contain about model inputs and allows obtaining predictions along with uncertainty bounds for modeled output variables. The model accurately reproduces the key seasonal planktonic patterns in Lake Washington and provides realistic estimates of predictive uncertainty for water quality variables of environmental management interest. A principal component analysis of the annual estimates of the underlying ecological processes highlighted the significant role of the phosphorus recycling stemming from the zooplankton excretion on the planktonic food web variability. We also identified a moderately significant signature of the local climatic conditions (air temperature) on phytoplankton growth (r = 0.41), herbivorous grazing (r = 0.38), and detritus mineralization (r = 0.39). Our study seeks linkages with the conceptual food web model proposed by Hampton et al. [Hampton, S.E., Scheuerell, M.D., Schindler, D.E., 2006b. Coalescence in the Lake Washington story: interaction strengths in a planktonic food web. Limnol. Oceanogr. 51, 2042–2051.] to emphasize the “bottom-up” control of the Lake Washington plankton phenology. The posterior predictive distributions of the plankton model are also used to assess the exceedance frequency and confidence of compliance with total phosphorus (15 μg L⁻¹) and chlorophyll a (4 μg L⁻¹) threshold levels during the summer-stratified period in Lake Washington. Finally, we conclude by underscoring the importance of explicitly acknowledging the uncertainty in ecological forecasts to the management of freshwater ecosystems under a changing global environment.     

A model for ecological assessment to pesticide pollution management

Applying the relational analysis in the Grey System Theory and Method, the comprehensive evaluation on five pesticide pollution controlling techniques in the vegetable production has been made and a comprehensive profit (cp–comprehensive cost (cc) evaluation system (composed of 15 comprehensive cost indices and 14 comprehensive profit indices) has been established, with a index optimization matrix of comprehensive cost indices and comprehensive profit indices obtained and a ratio model of comprehensive cost to comprehensive profit (R_cc/cp) built. Results show that the R_cc/cp value of vegetables intercropping soybeans in insect-proof thin film greenhouses is the smallest and the R_cc/cp value of vegetables intercropping taros in insect-proof net greenhouses, pheromones in insect-proof thin film greenhouses, pheromones in insect-proof thin film greenhouses and ground planting (only using chemical pesticide for insect-proof without covering materials and synthetic sex pheromone) other four techniques are 0.6268, 0.6393, 0.6407, 0.9809 respectively. In accordance with the R_cc/cp value, vegetables intercropping soybeans in insect-proof thin film greenhouses can be the most optimized pesticide pollution controlling technique in the vegetable growing.     

南广河水体中砷镉铅铬含量分布特征及质量探讨

本文对南广河水体中的砷镉铅铬含量分布特征进行了描述,并探讨了南广河的水质质量。结果表明：南广河从上游到下游水体中污染物含量为增大趋势;在时间上也存在一定的变化,枯水期水体中污染物含量高于平水期和丰水期。目前南广河综合水质质量可满足Ⅱ类水质标准要求。     

环境监理计算机管理信息系统开发设计

结合浙江省环保局环境监理信息系统的课题,对环境监理计算机管理信息系统软件进行了总体设计,该软件选择Ｗｉｎ９５为操作平台,ＶｉｓｕａｌＢａｓｉｃ５．０为编程软件及Ａｃｃｅｓｓ２．０为数据软件。