湖南长株潭中度污染区土壤镉概率生态风险评价

湖南长株潭地区土壤修复试点工作已经开展,但并未关注重金属镉对生态系统的威胁,尤其是继续进行作物种植的中度污染区。文章选取长株潭地区三个县的中度污染区为研究区域,结合文献调研,利用美国ECO-TOX数据库获取了共计28个本地物种两个层次的毒性数据,利用物种敏感度分布(Species sensitivity distribution,SSD)模型和联合概率曲线(Joint probability curve,JPC)方法开展中度污染区的概率生态风险评价研究。结果表明,在LC/EC/IC水平50下,A县、B县、C县的概率生态风险值依次为1.65%、3.40%、5.80%;在NOEC/LOEC水平下,A县、B县、C县的概率生态风险值依次为7.46%、12.97%、19.50%。该结果说明,长株潭地区中度污染区土壤中重金属镉对生态系统具有一定的风险作用,同时该结果为生态系统保护目标制定提供科学依据。     

基于AHP的列车司机非技术技能综合评价模型

列车司机的非技术技能对保证驾驶安全、降低人因事故发生概率有至关重要的影响。为了客观、准确地评价列车司机的非技术技能,从决策能力、人际能力、自我管理和情景意识4个维度通过问卷对非技术技能的指标进行筛选,得到11个列车司机非技术技能指标;然后使用层次分析法建立非技术技能综合评价递阶层次模型,为了获得各层指标权重,结合群决策方法建立各层的判断矩阵,获得各层指标的权重,最终构建了列车司机非技术技能综合评价模型。该模型既可以分析导致人因事故的非技术技能因素,也能够用于列车司机的评价、选拔和培训。     

石化企业外排污水水质自动监控系统应用分析

对石化企业外排污水水质自动监控系统进行了详细介绍。着重介绍系统的主体——在线监测仪器的性能、运行与维护、监测数据质控等情况，并分析系统运行四年多以来发现的问题及采取的应对措施。系统投运以来，运行稳定，达到了对外排污水实时监控的目的。     

泰州石化水污染治理达标整体技术设计总结

泰州石化总厂的污水处理工程为例，介绍现有的炼油企业通过合理系统划分，将高、低浓度污水分质处理，并采取适当的污水处理方法(隔离式BAF及膜法A／O等)，实现全厂污水达标排放。     

规划环境影响评价中的循环经济评价研究

介绍了循环经济的内涵、特征,以及表现形式;并对循环经济对区域可持续发展的深远影响、循环经济在规划环境影响评价中的重要地位等方面进行了说明,以实例论述了循环经济评价在规划环境影响评价中发挥的重要作用;最后在借鉴已有研究的基础上,针对评价方法的可行性,从相容性、匹配性、安全性、效果四个方面对在规划环境影响评价中的循环经济评价内容进行具体说明。     

列车表面涂层光老化试验加速因子建模研究

目的建立客观、定量的列车表面防护涂层实验室模拟紫外辐射当量对自然太阳紫外辐射的加速因子计算模型。方法以兰新高铁为例,设计一种建模方案,主要步骤包括选取建模列车站点、确定站点气象地理区划、计算站点环境变量影响距离、建立站点太阳辐射环境谱,分别建立二级气象地理区划、一级气象地理区划和全线太阳辐射环境谱,最后,建立加速因子模型。结果基于NASA Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy(SSE)地面太阳辐射数据,结合实验室条件,计算了兰新高铁表面防护涂层紫外光老化试验的加速因子,约为9.5。结论上述实验室光老化试验加速因子建模思路,解决了列车这种跨越大范围区域的装备光老化试验加速因子的计算问题,简单实用,可推广至飞机、轮船、汽车等相似装备表面涂层以及金属等其他材料的紫外光暴露试验评价。     

A proposed Multi Criteria Analysis decision support tool for international environmental policy issues: a pilot application to emissions control in the international aviation sector

Policy making at the level of international environmental problems appears to lack a transparent, multi criteria based, decision support ‘tool’. This is due mainly to the highly political, volatile, and contextual nature of issues at this level. The environmental problem of how to regulate emissions from international civil aviation due to their transboundary nature, and the participation of international and domestic players, makes it a ‘wicked’ international environmental problem where policy making has proved problematic. This problem has been used as the basis for developing and pilot testing a tool for contributing to international policymaking, the Multi Criteria Decision Support System (MCDSS). This tool is based on simplifying and integrating key components of Multi Criteria Analysis with a Decision Support System. A preliminary application of the tool explored three options for progressing the reduction of aviation emissions. Testing was based on the allocation of weights to environmental, social, economic and institutional categories, which were each then internally weighted to reflect key criteria in the policy process. Finally, likely performances of each option, against the criteria, were evaluated against Likert scale measures. The outputs from each of these steps were combined to generate a summed best policy option. Conclusions have been drawn and they indicate that the tool is potentially useful especially in the initial stages of policy development. The MCDSS is not an alternative to the international policy process, but rather complements, and makes explicit key tradeoffs in, that process.     

ISO14001标准中环境因素的识别与评价方法研究

全面识别组织的环境因素,准确评价重要环境因素是建立与保持ISO14001环境管理体系的基础.目前中国已有多个城市、开发区和风景区建立了区域性环境管理体系(简称REMS),该体系所涉及的环境因素范围广泛且数量众多,因此单独使用任何一种方法都难以达到对这种复杂体系的环境因素识别与评价的需要.在厦门鼓浪屿建立环境管理体系的过程中,提出了适合于REMS的环境因素分类与识别方法,并建一套由环境因素的法律法规符合性、可控制、重要度三个评价因子和多个评价准则构成的,定性与定量方法相结合的评价体系.     

Land cover types and ecological conditions of the Estonian coast

Detailed analysis of the land cover of the Estonian coastal zone is presented based on Estonian laws on coastal zone management, the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) system, the status of protected areas, and administrative division data of Estonia. By law the coastal zone is defined as a 200-m wide zone landward from the mean sea level line. The length of the Estonian coastline (including the islands) is 3794 km. The 200-m zone of the Estonian coast is very diverse. Out of the 34 CORINE land cover types represented in Estonia 30 are found in the coastal zone. Three dominating land cover types in the coastal zone of Estonia are inland marshes, coniferous forest and semi-natural grassland. Their total share is 47%; the other 27 land cover types represented here cover 53% of the coastal zone. The Estonian coastal zone is generally in a good natural condition. The proportion of artificial surfaces throughout the zone is merely 4.7%, while agricultural landscapes cover only ca. 10%. Land cover data for the coastal zone are also presented by county. Of the 200-m coastal zone 24% is under protection, which is more than twice the value for Estonia as a whole (11%). Legislative protection of the coastal zone is presently satisfactory. The use of the CORINE Land Cover system enables comparisons with other European regions since CLC data have been compiled for most of Europe.     

区域环境影响评价决策支持系统的研制与应用

从区域环境影响评价决策支持系统的目标、特点和系统分析着手,提出了区域环境评价决策支持系统的组织结构 ,从而使GIS分析、评价、影响预测和决策支持融为一体,能更好地解决区域环境影响评价中常遇到的半结构化与非结构化问题.