Application of a system dynamics approach for assessment and mitigation of CO2 emissions from the cement industry

A system dynamics model based on the dynamic interactions among a number of system components is developed to estimate CO(2) emissions from the cement industry in India. The CO(2) emissions are projected to reach 396.89 million tonnes by the year 2020 if the existing cement making technological options are followed. Policy options of population growth stabilisation, energy conservation and structural management in cement manufacturing processes are incorporated for developing the CO(2) mitigation scenarios. A 42% reduction in the CO(2) emissions can be achieved in the year 2020 based on an integrated mitigation scenario. Indirect CO(2) emissions from the transport of raw materials to the cement plants and finished product to market are also estimated.     

芦苇床系统净化污水的机理

人工模拟芦苇床系统净化污水的机理为：芦苇根际具有较高的氧化还原势,为好氧性微生物的活动创造了有利条件。芦苇床内根际微生物的数量与污染物去除率之间有明显的相关性。污水中的有机污染物是通过芦苇床内各种微生物的协同作用而去除;NH₃－N主要是通过硝化作用和反硝化作用的连续反应而去除;总大肠菌群的去除一方面是由于原生动物的捕食作用和某些放线菌产生的拮抗作用,另一方面亦受营养、温度、pH值等因素的影响;SS和O－PO₄－P的去除主要通过沉淀、过滤、吸附、固结等理化作用而实现。芦苇床内的优势细菌属为：假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）,产碱杆菌属（Alcaligens）,黄杆菌属（Flavobacterium）。原生动物以肾形虫（Colpoda）居多。     

实施大气污染物排放许可证制度必须纳入法制的轨道

通过对国内外实施排污许可证制度情况的分析;阐述了该项制度在我国大气环境管理中的地位和作用;论证了将其作为一项重要的新环境管理制度纳入法制轨道的必要性和可行性。      

地理信息系统在监测综合技术中应用的评述

空间化监测信息的综合加工和快速而形象的反映是环境管理的迫切需求,亦是当前监测综合技术发展的主要特征。监测信息的综合分析是一个复合型的巨大系统,引入地理信息系统,不仅可满足上述需求,而且可作为支持该系统的有力工具。本文重点讨论了监测综合分析中应用地理信息系统的必要性、现状和特点。     

环境管理与环境信息系统

在分析环境信息系统结构与功能的基础上,提出当前如何充分地利用环境信息系统进行环境管理的具体设想。     

生产者责任延伸制度EPR下废旧轮胎循环利用研究

技术和制度是资源循环利用中的两大关键点。为了提高资源循环利用率,做好这两点缺一不可。目前,我国在废旧轮胎的回收和利用制度方面尚不完善,需要出台相关的法律法规从源头上规范废旧轮胎再生利用的各个环节,生产者责任延伸制度EPR即是其中重要一环。重点介绍了发达国家和地区在废旧轮胎循环利用中的一些经验,并对我国在废旧轮胎管理制度上提出建议。     

A hybrid design methodology for structuring an Integrated Environmental Management System (IEMS) for shipping business

The International Safety Management (ISM) Code defines a broad framework for the safe management and operation of merchant ships, maintaining high standards of safety and environmental protection. On the other hand, ISO 14001:2004 provides a generic, worldwide environmental management standard that has been utilized by several industries. Both the ISM Code and ISO 14001:2004 have the practical goal of establishing a sustainable Integrated Environmental Management System (IEMS) for shipping businesses. This paper presents a hybrid design methodology that shows how requirements from both standards can be combined into a single execution scheme. Specifically, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Axiomatic Design (FAD) are used to structure an IEMS for ship management companies. This research provides decision aid to maritime executives in order to enhance the environmental performance in the shipping industry.     

Web-based GIS for collaborative planning and public participation: an application to the strategic planning of wind farm sites

Spatial planning typically involves multiple stakeholders. To any specific planning problem, stakeholders often bring different levels of knowledge about the components of the problem and make assumptions, reflecting their individual experiences, that yield conflicting views about desirable planning outcomes. Consequently, stakeholders need to learn about the likely outcomes that result from their stated preferences; this learning can be supported through enhanced access to information, increased public participation in spatial decision-making and support for distributed collaboration amongst planners, stakeholders and the public. This paper presents a conceptual system framework for web-based GIS that supports public participation in collaborative planning. The framework combines an information area, a Multi-Criteria Spatial Decision Support System (MC-SDSS) and an argumentation map to support distributed and asynchronous collaboration in spatial planning. After analysing the novel aspects of this framework, the paper describes its implementation, as a proof of concept, in a system for Web-based Participatory Wind Energy Planning (WePWEP). Details are provided on the specific implementation of each of WePWEP's four tiers, including technical and structural aspects. Throughout the paper, particular emphasis is placed on the need to support user learning throughout the planning process.     

Work environment risk factors for injuries in wood processing

Problem

The reported injury rate for wood product manufacturing in Maine, 1987-2004, was almost twice the state-wide average for all jobs. Method: A case-control study was conducted in wood processing plants to determine preventable risk factors for injury. A total of 157 cases with injuries reported to workers' compensation and 251 controls were interviewed. Results: In multivariable analyses, variables associated with injury risk were high physical workload, machine-paced work or inability to take a break, lack of training, absence of a lockout/tagout program, low seniority, and male gender. Different subsets of these variables were significant when acute incidents and overexertions were analyzed separately and when all injuries were stratified by industry sub-sector. Impact on industry: Generalizability may be limited somewhat by non-representative participation of workplaces and individuals. Nevertheless, these findings provide evidence that many workplace injuries occurring in wood processing could be prevented by application of ergonomics principles and improved work organization.     

Accuracy assessment of a small-area method for estimating the spatial distribution of the degree of tree damage

Tree damage, gauged by the amount of defoliation, is one of the basic criteria used to determine treatments for protected and economic forests. Monitoring should include an assessment of the degree of tree damage in different spatial scales. Therefore, in addition to the commonly applied large-area methods, small-area methods should be used. The aim of the paper is to present the results of the accuracy assessment of a small-area method, proposed by Podlaski (2005) [Podlaski, R. (2005). Inventory of the degree of tree defoliation in small areas. Forest Ecology and Management, 215, 361–377], for monitoring the degree of tree damage. The degree of tree damage was shown in sub-blocks P₃ of the system of information on natural environment (SINUS). To estimate the spatial distribution of the degree of tree defoliation, survey sampling, based on simple random sampling with replacement (SRSWR), was used. The degree of damage to fir (Abies alba Mill.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) was analysed in the Święty Krzyż forest section in the Świętokrzyski National Park. The maximum total estimation errors for the proportion of trees with a degree zero of damage, and with second and third degrees of damage together (for α = 0.05) were at most 30.8% for fir and 24.3% for beech trees. For standard, small-area evaluations, these are satisfactory values. In the Święty Krzyż forest section, the number of P₃ sub-blocks with 0.00–5.00% of undamaged trees and with 80.01–100.00% of moderately- or severely-damaged trees was significantly greater for fir than for beech. These results indicate that the fir population was unhealthier than the beech group in the study area. P₃ sub-blocks of the SINUS system, in which the proportion of the healthiest trees was highest, were situated at the forest margin, bordering on meadows and arable fields (in the case of fir) and forming dense patches consisting of several sub-blocks, or occurring singly in the whole study area (in the case of beech). The results show the significant differentiation of forest tree health in small areas.