我国环境技术验证评价制度建设探析

在概述国外环境技术验证制度快速发展的背景下,论述了我国建设环境技术验证评价制度的目的、意义和条件,提出了建设环境技术验证评价制度应采取的对策措施。     

推进绿色交通体系建设的对策建议

论述了我国交通体系建设现状,剖析了我国交通体系建设过程现存的环境污染问题,从选址选线期的"事先绕避"、工程施工期的"事中防护"、工程运行期的"事后监管"3个方面提出了建设绿色交通体系的建议。     

能源和环境与区域经济协调发展研究

为了使陕西省的能源、环境和经济协调发展,文章基于陕西省目前能源和环境与经济发展现状,构建了能源和环境与经济协调发展的评价指标体系,提出"协调度"来描述该系统的发展状况,运用层次分析法(AHP)计算出各评估指标的权重和分数,分析评价了能源和环境与区域经济发展的协调性。结果表明:陕西省能源、环境和经济目前处于中级协调。     

双洞单线高铁隧道列车中部火灾人员最优疏散模式研究

分析了双洞单线隧道疏散设计概况,针对隧道疏散最不利的列车中部火灾场景,建立了人员疏散路径选择网络模型。基于合理的假设,确定了双洞单线隧道列车中部火灾的5种疏散路径,并运用图解法求解出了最优疏散时间与列车位置关系的数学方程式,确定了最优疏散路径选择模式。通过pathfinder数值模拟对比分析可知,最优疏散路径选择模式的理论模型与模拟结果高度吻合,可以准确计算出人员安全疏散所需时间,对改善隧道疏散设计,减少人员伤亡具有重要意义。     

Sustainability in electrical and electronic equipment closed-loop supply chains: A System Dynamics approach

In this paper we examine the impact of ecological motivation and technological innovations on the long-term behavior of a closed-loop supply chain with recycling activities. Ecological motivation manifests through legislation and green image factor, whereas technological innovations manifest through design for environment. We adopt System Dynamics methodology applied to many environmental systems seeking long-term gains. The developed model is implemented to a real-world supply chain of electrical equipment in Greece. Numerical analysis illustrates the factors concerned, like the delay of the legislation enforcement, to achieve a sustainable future through non-renewable resources and landfill preservation.     

A methodology to clarify logical relationship among failure modes and determine system probabilities

In the vulnerability analysis, correlations among failure modes have significant effects on the estimation of failure probabilities. However, the failure modes were assumed to be independent with each other or only parts of dependencies of failure modes were considered, which might lead to inaccurate results. In the present study, a novel methodology to clarify the entire logical relationship among failure modes and determine system probabilities is developed. Firstly, based on the form-changed limit state equations (LSEs) of failure modes, the LSE surfaces or curves are plotted. Subsequently, the logical relationship among failure modes can be identified with the LSE surfaces or curves. The system consequences are further developed by the logical relationship. Bayesian network (BN) is constructed with the input of logical relationship into arcs. With BN considering logical relationship, the occurrence probabilities of failure modes are calculated and system probabilities are estimated more accurately, which are verified well with Monte Carlo simulation and analytical solution. Furthermore, the detailed compositions of occurrence probabilities of failure modes are specified by the system probabilities. The methodology is illustrated by a case study. This study can be applied to the vulnerability analysis of various hazards or disasters as long as LSEs for corresponding failure modes can be developed.     

A systems-theoretic approach for two-stage emergency risk analysis

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that has dramatically spread worldwide. Regarding the safety issues of industries, there is a requirement of dealing with the emergency risk in the period of urgent situations. In this work, we proposed a systems-theoretic approach of the two-stage emergency risk analysis (ERA) based on the systems theory, that is the System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP). The two-stage ERA includes the normal to emergency risk analysis (N2E-RA) and emergency to normal risk analysis (E2N-RA). Besides N2E-RA, we advocate that E2N-RA is also an important and indispensable part of ERA. We elaborated the characteristics of N2E-RA and E2N-RA, separately. Eventually, based on our analysis, we provided recommendations for decision makers in preventing and controlling industrial accidents in the period of COVID-19.     

采掘行业环境影响评价制度存在问题的探讨

环境影响评价是环境管理的重要组成部分,为我国的环境管理决策提供重要依据。但在实际工作中,我国的环境管理工作仍然存在一定的问题。本文结合采掘行业的特点,分别从法律层面、设计层面和环境影响评价层面等三个方向进行分析,结合发现的问题提出建议,力求从不同的角度完善相关制度和技术要求。从而使采掘行业的环境管理能全面涵盖采掘行业开发过程,最大程度地减少采掘行业开发过程中的环境影响,完善采掘行业环境影响评价制度,对我国采掘行业生态环境的改善及环境影响评价法制建设起到一定的借鉴意义。     

基于主成分分析法的产业共生系统生态效率评价研究

生态工业园区是我国发展循环经济的重要载体,如何准确评价当前我国生态工业园区的生态效率对生态工业园区建设和发展有重要的意义。以生态效率和产业生态学理论为基础,参照国家环保总局《综合类生态工业园区标准（试行）》,建立了产业共生系统生态效率评价指标体系,并以主成分分析为基础,提出了产业共生系统生态效率评价方法。通过苏州高新区、苏州工业园区生态工业园和无锡新区生态工业示范园区等3个工业园区的案例研究得出样本指标中对生态效率影响最大的3个主成分和样本主成分的排名,以及生态效率进行比较排序,发现苏州工业园区生态工业园总体生态效率最高,无锡新区生态工业示范园区其次,苏州高新区则相对较差。根据各园区在各主成分的效率比较,指出各园区有待改进的环节。具体说明主成分分析在生态产业共生系统生态效率中的运用及优点。     

基于车桥耦合振动的高速铁路系杆拱桥吊杆优化布置

为研究吊杆布置形式对系杆拱桥动力特性的影响,以建成的某主跨度128 m系杆拱桥为工程背景,将车速、吊杆布置形式作为影响因素建立全桥有限元模型;车辆动力模型采用CRH2型动车组,并利用有限元软件ANSYS以及UM(Universal Mecha-nism)动力学分析软件联合进行仿真分析;研究桥梁结构的吊杆布置形式以及列车...