基于主成分分析法的产业共生系统生态效率评价研究

生态工业园区是我国发展循环经济的重要载体,如何准确评价当前我国生态工业园区的生态效率对生态工业园区建设和发展有重要的意义。以生态效率和产业生态学理论为基础,参照国家环保总局《综合类生态工业园区标准（试行）》,建立了产业共生系统生态效率评价指标体系,并以主成分分析为基础,提出了产业共生系统生态效率评价方法。通过苏州高新区、苏州工业园区生态工业园和无锡新区生态工业示范园区等3个工业园区的案例研究得出样本指标中对生态效率影响最大的3个主成分和样本主成分的排名,以及生态效率进行比较排序,发现苏州工业园区生态工业园总体生态效率最高,无锡新区生态工业示范园区其次,苏州高新区则相对较差。根据各园区在各主成分的效率比较,指出各园区有待改进的环节。具体说明主成分分析在生态产业共生系统生态效率中的运用及优点。     

中国西北地区生态需水研究(2)——基于遥感和地理信息系统技术的区域生态需水计算及分析

在西北干旱、半干旱地区,随着人口增长和经济发展,国民经济需水与生态环境需水成为水资源开发利用和生态环境保护的主要矛盾。因此,合理量化生态环境需水是西北水资源优化配置亟待解决的问题。论文着重研究两方面的内容:一是基于植被生长需水的区域分异规律,采用遥感和地理信息系统技术实现生态的空间分区,以生态分区和流域水平衡为基础量化生态需水;二是基于可持续发展的生态模式,确定生态保护目标和生态建设规模,并预测生态需水。     

构建区域补偿机制促进西部生态建设

生态建设是西部大开发的首要任务和成败的关键，然而国家和社会受益者既给西部地区带来了一定的生态损害，也将从西部的生态建设中获取利益。因此，构建国家和社会受益者对西部的生态补偿机制，符合公平性的一般法理，也将会有力地推动西部生态建设的顺利进行。在此基础上，笔者提出了区域生态补偿机制的具体构想。     

哈尔滨城市绿地景观体系研究

以景观生态学的理论为指导 ,运用 RS和 GIS技术对哈尔滨城市绿地系统的研究提出了研究框架并进行了初步研究。     

环境安全预警系统的研建

建立环境安全预警系统的呼声随着环境安全问题的日益突出而逐渐高涨。通过分析论述环境安全预警系统研究的进展及特点，提出环境安全预警系统的逻辑结构、系统总体架构和系统功能结构，以期从方法和技术角度为建立环境安全预警系统提供一个全面新颖的实现方案。     

Persistent organochlorine contaminants in hair samples of Northern Poland population, 1968-2009

The European regulation on chemicals, REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals), came into force on 1 June 2007. With pre-registration complete in 2008, data for these substances may provide an overview of the expected chemical space and its characteristics. In this paper, using various in silico computation tools, we evaluate 48 782 neutral organic compounds from the list to identify hazardous and safe compounds. Two different classification schemes (modified Verhaar and ECOSAR) identified between 17% and 25% of the compounds as expressing only baseline toxicity (narcosis). A smaller portion could be identified as reactive (19%) or specifically acting (2.7%), while the majority were non-assigned (61%). Overall environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and long-range transport potential were evaluated using structure-activity relationships and a multimedia fugacity-based model. A surprisingly high proportion of compounds (20%), mainly aromatic and halogenated, had a very high estimated persistence (>195 d). The proportion of compounds with a very high estimated bioconcentration or bioaccumulation factor (>5000) was substantially less (6.9%). Finally, a list was compiled of those compounds within the applicability domain of the models used, meeting both persistence and bioaccumulation criteria, and with a long-range transport potential comparable to PCB. This list of 68 potential persistent organic pollutants contained many well-known compounds (all halogenated), but notably also five fluorinated compounds that were not included in the EINECS inventory. This study demonstrates the usability of in silico tools for identification of potentially environmentally hazardous chemicals.     

关于总站历史性转型的几点意见

2008年9月以来,深入学习实践科学发展观活动在中国环境监测总站开展得如火如荼并不断深入.特别是环境保护部新设立环境监测司之后,总站面临着从管理到技术的历史性转型,如何做好这一重大转型是当前需要解决的最紧迫的问题.     

利用遥感技术对固废堆放现状的评价研究

本文是“沈阳市航空遥感固体废物及其环境调查研究”获奖课题中的研究内容之一,它以沈阳市固废遥感信息资料为基础,对固废堆放现状评价进行了探讨性研究,建立了遥感信息评价方法.文中就沈阳市固废堆放形式、种类性质、占地情况、自然环境状况和社会环境状况5个方面、13个因子的综合评价进行了论述.并在评价方法的确定,评价因子的选择,各因子的排序、分析、以及评价结果与实际情况的相关性等方面做了较为详细的介绍.该方法充分利用了遥感信息广而全的特点,从而拓宽了固废的评价范围,为固废的评价工作的广泛开展探索了一条较为优越的途径.     

以排污许可证制度为统领的环境管理概念重塑

分析现行环境管理制度体系中的问题,对排污许可证制度进行新的定位,提出排污许可证在环境管理体制改革中的主导作用,从依法管理、精细管理、整合管理、经济管理、一证管理等几个方面,确定排污许可证制度在环境管理中的地位、作用、内涵及改革思路。     

Evaluating the impact of water conservation on fate of outdoor water use: a study in an arid region

In this research, the impact of several water conservation policies and return flow credits on the fate of water used outdoors in an arid region is evaluated using system dynamics modeling approach. Return flow credits is a strategy where flow credits are obtained for treated wastewater returned to a water body, allowing for the withdrawal of additional water equal to the amount returned as treated wastewater. In the return credit strategy, treated wastewater becomes a resource. This strategy creates a conundrum in which conservation may lead to an apparent decrease in water supply because less wastewater is generated and returned to water body. The water system of the arid Las Vegas Valley in Nevada, USA is used as basis for the dynamic model. The model explores various conservation scenarios to attain the daily per capita demand target of 752 l by 2035: (i) status quo situation where conservation is not implemented, (ii) conserving water only on the outdoor side, (iii) conserving water 67% outdoor and 33% indoor, (iv) conserving equal water both in the indoor and outdoor use (v) conserving water only on the indoor side. The model is validated on data from 1993 to 2008 and future simulations are carried out up to 2035. The results show that a substantial portion of the water used outdoor either evapo-transpires (ET) or infiltrates to shallow groundwater (SGW). Sensitivity analysis indicated that seepage to groundwater is more susceptible to ET compared to any other variable. The all outdoor conservation scenario resulted in the highest return flow credits and the least ET and SGW. A major contribution of this paper is in addressing the water management issues that arise when wastewater is considered as a resource and developing appropriate conservation policies in this backdrop. The results obtained can be a guide in developing outdoor water conservation policies in arid regions.