太原市某污水处理厂各工段重金属含量分析

以太原市某污水处理厂的实际工艺为例,采集各工段污水、污泥为样,对传统活性污泥法水处理工艺运行中的镍、镉、锌、铜的质量浓度进行了分析,结果表明,部分活性污泥回流到初沉池后发现部分重金属在沉淀池中的去除率较高.     

不完备信息条件下流域环境系统规划方法研究

开发了一套新的流域环境系统规划方法，该方法将不确定性模型多目标规划模型与系统动力学模型有机地集成在一起，构成一个完整的体系，ＩＦＭＯＰ充分考虑到了流域环境规划所面临的信息不完备问题，将不确定性信息直接引入优化过程。从而得到以区间数表示的不确定性优化解。     

生态文明治理能力建设路径分析

"十八届三中全会"提出了推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,生态文明治理能力是国家治理能力的重要组成部分。提高生态文明治理能力,是生态文明建设亟需解决的关键问题和重要突破口。本文围绕生态文明治理的理论基础和内涵,在梳理生态文明治理存在的问题基础上,从体制机制创新出发,提出生态文明治理能力建设的思路和框架,并从培育多元主体、转变政府职能、建设生态文明制度体系和创新生态文明治理机制四个方面提出对策和建议,以供相关政策的制定和相关部门及地方深化改革参考。     

北三河水系沉积物中金属的污染状况研究

北三河水系包括接纳了北京、天津大量再生水和污水的温榆河、凉水河和北运河等河流,其沉积物中金属的污染状况是水环境质量的重要指标之一.本研究调查分析了北三河水系8条河流沉积物中金属的污染状况及存在形态,采用地累积指数评价了金属的污染级别,利用相关性分析和主成分分析简要分析了金属的主要来源.研究结果表明,北三河水系沉积物中Fe、Mn、Zn、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Co和Cd的平均浓度分别为24207、538、303、57、48、29、15.2、14和0.27 mg·kg-1.牛牧屯河部分沉积物中Fe、Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni的浓度高于沉积物质量基准(SQG)中的极有可能产生危害的浓度(PEC)值,很有可能对生物产生危害;而温榆河、还乡河、北运河、凉水河和潮白河中大部分金属浓度高于产生危害的阈值(TEC)而低于PEC水平,也应列入防控对象.河流沉积物中金属积累级别较高的河段多位于郊区和乡镇,可能因为这些区域污水处理率较低.Fe、Cr、Ni、Cu、Mn和Zn在沉积物中主要以残渣态存在,其比例分别可达92.5％、85.2％、87.9％、71.0％、63.4％和57.3％;Pb则主要以可提取态存在,其比例为62.6％.沉积物中Cu、Pb、Ni和Cd元素的存在主要受人类活动的影响,其在北三河水系沉积物中的分布主要受有机碳的控制;Cr和Co的存在则主要受自然因素的影响,其分布主要受铁锰氧化物或矿物质的影响.     

城市生态支持系统的指标体系设计及实例分析

指出了城市生态支持系统对城市这一复合的人工生态系统可持续发展的重要性。运用层次分析法构建城市生态支持系统的指标体系，采用德尔菲法则确定其权重。以上海为例，设计了评价步骤与方法，对上海城市生态支持系统水平进行了定性、定量的研究分析，并总结了评价结果，进行了优劣分析。     

基于车桥耦合振动的高速铁路系杆拱桥吊杆优化布置

为研究吊杆布置形式对系杆拱桥动力特性的影响,以建成的某主跨度128 m系杆拱桥为工程背景,将车速、吊杆布置形式作为影响因素建立全桥有限元模型;车辆动力模型采用CRH2型动车组,并利用有限元软件ANSYS以及UM(Universal Mecha-nism)动力学分析软件联合进行仿真分析;研究桥梁结构的吊杆布置形式以及列车...     

列车车厢内装材料VOCs释放特性研究

列车车厢内的空气质量对乘客的健康和乘坐舒适度有明显影响.密闭车厢的内装材料所释放的挥发性有机物(VOCs)是影响车厢内环境空气质量的主要污染物.为研究25G型客车车厢内空气VOCs浓度的分布机理及扩散规律,采用环境测试舱法和扫描电镜(SEM)表征,对车厢主要内装材料(座椅坐垫、PVC地板、墙板等)的VOCs释放速率进行...     

Measuring the impact of prefabrication on construction waste reduction: An empirical study in China

Prefabrication has been widely regarded as a sustainable construction method in terms of its impact on environmental protection. One important aspect of this perspective is the influence of prefabrication on construction waste reduction and the subsequent waste handling activities, including waste sorting, reuse, recycle, and disposal. Nevertheless, it would appear that existing research with regard to this topic has failed to take into account its innate dynamic character of the process of construction waste minimization; integrating all essential waste handling activities has never been achieved thus far. This paper proposes a dynamic model for quantitatively evaluating the possible impacts arising from the application of prefabrication technology on construction waste reduction and the subsequent waste handling activities. The resulting model was validated based on an actual building project in Shenzhen, China.The simulation results of the design scenarios indicate that the policy on providing subsidy for each square meter of the prefabrication adopted in the construction would have more significant effect on promoting the use of prefabrication and improving the performance of construction waste reduction compared to the increase of income tax benefits. The results also show that (1) interaction exists among different management measures, and (2) the combined effect of multiple policies is larger than the simple sum of their individual impacts, indicating the need for comprehensive consideration on the combined effect of these potential polices. This paper demonstrates the potential benefits of using a system dynamics approach in understanding the behavior of real-world processes. The developed model not only serves as a practical tool for assessing the impact of off-site prefabrication on construction waste reduction and the corresponding waste handling activities, but also help provide a valuable reference to policy makers through the comparison of simulation results generated under various scenarios such that the best policy mix can be identified prior to production.